1What is immunopathology?
host's response to an infection
2What are pathological consequences called (after a infectious disease has resolved)?
sequelae (singular, sequela)
ex) chronic back pain because of car accident (whiplash)
3Define the incubation phase:
when microbe first infects person to first signs of disease
4What is the prodromal (prodrome) phase?
after incubation phase, short, vague symptoms and general feelings of malaise
5Describe decline phase of disease:
*symptoms subside
6What are pyrogens?
*compounds that trigger fever
7Morbidity refers to:
existence of a disease state and rate of incidence of the disease
8What is incidence?
cases of diseases developed over the course of a year
9What is mortality?
*how many patients have died from disease
10What is the differential?
list of possible causes of disease
11What are fomites?
inanimate object that is capable of transferring an infectious agent
12Parenternal route:
pathogen enters body through insect bite or needle injection
13What are ways indirect transmission can occur?
*fomites. food, water (aka vehicle tranmission)
14What is transovarial transmission?
*vertical transmission from infected mosquito to eggs (offspring)
15What are zoonotic diseases?
disease seen in animals but can be transmitted to humans either by vector or other means
16What is an endemic disease?
*always present in a community (seen at low rate)
17What is epidemic disease?
*many cases develop in a community over a short time
18What is a pandemic?
(world-wide epidemic)
19What are the 4 portals of entry for pathogens?
*fecal-oral route
*respiratory route
*urogenitial route
*parenteral route
20Describe biosafety level 1 organisms and consequent PPE?
*little to no pathogenic potential, standard sterile techniques is good
21Describe biosafety level 2 organisms and consequent PPE?
*greater pathogentic potential, tx available (antibiotics)
*need some containment procedures (laminar flow of cabinents is best)
22Describe biosafety level 3 organisms and consequent PPE?
*pathogen is serious or lethal
*some tx may be available
*special ventilation
23Describe biosafety level 4 organisms and consequent PPE?
highly regulated, no tx avaliable, positive pressure airsuits