Chapter 2 Basic concepts of infectious disease
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1
What is immunopathology?
host's response to an infection
2
What are pathological consequences called (after a infectious disease has resolved)?
sequelae (singular, sequela)
ex) chronic back pain because of car accident (whiplash)
ex) chronic back pain because of car accident (whiplash)
3
Define the incubation phase:
when microbe first infects person to first signs of disease
4
What is the prodromal (prodrome) phase?
after incubation phase, short, vague symptoms and general feelings of malaise
5
Describe decline phase of disease:
*symptoms subside
6
What are pyrogens?
*compounds that trigger fever
7
Morbidity refers to:
existence of a disease state and rate of incidence of the disease
8
What is incidence?
cases of diseases developed over the course of a year
9
What is mortality?
*how many patients have died from disease
10
What is the differential?
list of possible causes of disease
11
What are fomites?
inanimate object that is capable of transferring an infectious agent
12
Parenternal route:
pathogen enters body through insect bite or needle injection
13
What are ways indirect transmission can occur?
*fomites. food, water (aka vehicle tranmission)
14
What is transovarial transmission?
*vertical transmission from infected mosquito to eggs (offspring)
15
What are zoonotic diseases?
disease seen in animals but can be transmitted to humans either by vector or other means
16
What is an endemic disease?
*always present in a community (seen at low rate)
17
What is epidemic disease?
*many cases develop in a community over a short time
18
What is a pandemic?
(world-wide epidemic)
19
What are the 4 portals of entry for pathogens?
*fecal-oral route
*respiratory route
*urogenitial route
*parenteral route
*respiratory route
*urogenitial route
*parenteral route
20
Describe biosafety level 1 organisms and consequent PPE?
*little to no pathogenic potential, standard sterile techniques is good
21
Describe biosafety level 2 organisms and consequent PPE?
*greater pathogentic potential, tx available (antibiotics)
*need some containment procedures (laminar flow of cabinents is best)
*need some containment procedures (laminar flow of cabinents is best)
22
Describe biosafety level 3 organisms and consequent PPE?
*pathogen is serious or lethal
*some tx may be available
*special ventilation
*some tx may be available
*special ventilation
23
Describe biosafety level 4 organisms and consequent PPE?
highly regulated, no tx avaliable, positive pressure airsuits
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