1Describe three structural components of compartments
-hollow organs
-lumen (separate internal and external environment)
-epithelium lining
2Two functional reasons for compartments?
-extracellular fluid (plasma, interstitial fluid)
-intracellular fluid
3what are the three main cavities of the body?
-cranial cavity
-thoracic cavity
-abdominopelvic cavity
4What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
-diaphragm
5What sacs are contained within thoracic cavity?
-pleural sac
-pericardial sac
6regions within abdominopellviv cavity?
abdomin and pelvic cavities
9purpose of tight junctions?
seals gaps between epithelial cells
10purpose of adherens junctions?
connects actin filament bundle in one cell with that in the next cell
11purpose of desmosomes?
-connects intermediate filaments in one cell to those in next cell
12purpose of gap junctions?
allows passage of small water-soluble molecules from cell to cell
13Purpose of actin linked cell-matrix junctions?
anchors actin filaments in cell to extracellular matrix
14Purpose of hemidesmosomes?
-anchors intermediate filaments in a cell to extracellular matrix
15What junction enables cell-cell anchoring junctions?
adherens and desmosomes
16what enables channel forming junction?
-gap junction
17What are two cell-matrix anchoring junctions?
-actin-linked cell matrix junction
-hemidesmosomes
18What is benefit of fewer extracellular connections?
-creates space to facilitate bulk flow
19How do extracelluar connections influence the cell?
-increases integrity of epithelium
-facilitates force transfer
20function of gap junctions?
communication (voltage) from one neuron to next
21Difference between gap and synaptic connection?
-gap uses neurotransmitters (not much regulation) surronding cells reacts (ex heart muscle), depends on diffusion so slower
-synaptic connection
22tight junctions are aka
occluding junctions
23what proteins are involved in tight junctions?
claudin and occludin
24function of tight junctions?
prevent diffusion between cells
25what junctions achors cells to one another?
desmosomes
26what proteins are found in desmosomes?
cadherin proteins
27What cell junction purpose is communication? what membrane protein?
gap junction (connexin)
28What three types of cell to cell junctions are occluding?
-tight junctions
-adherens junction
-desmosome
29Membrane proteins and involved cytoskeleton fiber of three occluding cell junctions?
-tight junction (claudin and occludin) actin used
-adherens junction and desmosome (cadherin) actin and intermediate filaments used
30What are two cell-matrix junctions?
focal adhesion and hemi-desmosomes
31What membrane protein and cytoeketon fiber used in cell matrix junctions?
actin and keratin (intermediate)
32What cell junction requuires matrix protein? Name the proteins
anchoring junctions (uses fibronectin and laminin)
33What is epithelial tissue?
-tightly joined sheets of cells attatched to a basement membane that covers external surfaces and lines internal surfaces
345 functional categories of epithelia
-exchange (nephrons)
-transportation (SA in GI tract)
-ciliated (repro)
-protective (keratinized)
-secretory (apocrin, sweat, mucosal)
35structure and location of basement membrane
-thin layer of extracelluar material
-lies between epithelium and underlying CT
36function of basement membrane?
-structural support via cell-matrix adhesions
-allows nutrients and waste to diffuse
-filtration barrier for macromolecules
37Describe process of endocrine and exocrine gland formation
-cells progress inward from epidermis and form channel
-exocrine cells specialize
-cells connect to surface and specialize into ducts (columnar or stratified)
-with endocrine the ductu is lost
-capilary surronds the endocrine specialized cells
38What are the three main structures of the CT?
-ground substance (matrix)
-connective tissue cells in ECM
-matrix fibers
39what matrix fibers make up CT?
-collagen, elastin, fibrillin, fibronectin
40what CT cells in ECM?
-blasts, clasts, cytes
41What cells are fixed in CT?
-macrophages (except when activated)
-adiopocytes
-fibroblasts
42What are two components of CT matrix?
ground substance (mineralized, gelatinous, watery)
protien fibers
43function of fibronectin protein fiber?
connects cells to matrix
44function of fibrillin protein fiber?
forms filaments and sheets
45function of elastin protein fiber?
-stretch and recoil
46function of collagen protein fiber?
-flexibility
47What are GAG's
glycosaminoglycans
highly charged polysaccharides (ussully linked to protein)
48What are two famous glycoproteins?
--fibronectin
-laminin
49Explain structural makeup of collagen?
-repeat glycines (tight chain) that associates with other chains to form triple helixes
50how does elastin give tissues elasticity?
-elastin molecule forms cross links with others and stretches out
51What are the two major components of the basal lamina?
-laminin (forms tight mess and forms complexes for attatchment ot basal membrane)
-type IV collagen (branches and connects in mesh)
52What are the three types of CT? include ex
-fiberous CT (fat, muscle)
-Supportive CT (cartilage, bone)
-Fluid CT (blood, lymph)
53What enables skin's waterproofness?
phospholipid matrix