1What are reservoirs of infection?
*continus sources of infection (can be humans, animals, environment)
2What is zoonosis?
a disease that occurs primarily in wild and domestic animals (via bite, toxins, soil)
3Difference between incidence and prevalence of disease?
*incidence (% of pop that contracts in a given time)
*Prevalence (chronic conditions, those who have disease in a given time)
4What are the two components of disease transmission?
*Vehicle
*Vectors
5What is the vehicle in disease transmission?
*(inanimate) food, air, and water
6What is the vector in disease transmission?
*it's what houses the disease
7What are two possible vector types?
*mechanical (anthropod carries pathogen on the feet)
*Biological, pathogen reproduces in the vector (within the fly)
8In the case of bubonic plaque, identify vector and reservoir:
*rat=reservoir (not vehicle because it's living)
*flea= vector
9Term for infections acquired in the hospital?
nosocomial infection
10Nosocomial infections are considered?
opportunistic
11Give examples of direct transmission for Nosocomial infections:
*healthcare personal, other infected pts, visitors
12Give examples of indirect transmission for Nosocomial infections?
*medical devices
*airborne
13What are four terms used to specify infection types?
*localized
*systemic
*sepsis
*blood (-emia)
14Localized:
infection isolated to one part
15Systemic:
infection is throughout body (wide spread)
16Sepsis:
infection (systemic inflammation)
17ID 50 meaning
infectious dose, how much pathogen exposure until half of those exposed are sick
18What is epidemiology?
-study of distribution and causes of disease
19What is the attack rate?
*% of people who become ill after expsoure to infectious agent
20What is incidence?
% of population that contracts disease in a specific time frame (ussually acute infections)
21What does prevalence mean?
*in terms of chronic conditions, the fraction of population that has the disease at a given time
22What is a sporadic disease?
*disease occurs occasionally in pop
23What does "endemic mean"
disease constantly present in pop
24Meaning of Epidemic?
*disease acquired by many hosts in a short time
25Pandemic meaning?
worldwide disease