All about infections (chp2)
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1
What are reservoirs of infection?
*continus sources of infection (can be humans, animals, environment)
2
What is zoonosis?
a disease that occurs primarily in wild and domestic animals (via bite, toxins, soil)
3
Difference between incidence and prevalence of disease?
*incidence (% of pop that contracts in a given time)
*Prevalence (chronic conditions, those who have disease in a given time)
*Prevalence (chronic conditions, those who have disease in a given time)
4
What are the two components of disease transmission?
*Vehicle
*Vectors
*Vectors
5
What is the vehicle in disease transmission?
*(inanimate) food, air, and water
6
What is the vector in disease transmission?
*it's what houses the disease
7
What are two possible vector types?
*mechanical (anthropod carries pathogen on the feet)
*Biological, pathogen reproduces in the vector (within the fly)
*Biological, pathogen reproduces in the vector (within the fly)
8
In the case of bubonic plaque, identify vector and reservoir:
*rat=reservoir (not vehicle because it's living)
*flea= vector
*flea= vector
9
Term for infections acquired in the hospital?
nosocomial infection
10
Nosocomial infections are considered?
opportunistic
11
Give examples of direct transmission for Nosocomial infections:
*healthcare personal, other infected pts, visitors
12
Give examples of indirect transmission for Nosocomial infections?
*medical devices
*airborne
*airborne
13
What are four terms used to specify infection types?
*localized
*systemic
*sepsis
*blood (-emia)
*systemic
*sepsis
*blood (-emia)
14
Localized:
infection isolated to one part
15
Systemic:
infection is throughout body (wide spread)
16
Sepsis:
infection (systemic inflammation)
17
ID 50 meaning
infectious dose, how much pathogen exposure until half of those exposed are sick
18
What is epidemiology?
-study of distribution and causes of disease
19
What is the attack rate?
*% of people who become ill after expsoure to infectious agent
20
What is incidence?
% of population that contracts disease in a specific time frame (ussually acute infections)
21
What does prevalence mean?
*in terms of chronic conditions, the fraction of population that has the disease at a given time
22
What is a sporadic disease?
*disease occurs occasionally in pop
23
What does "endemic mean"
disease constantly present in pop
24
Meaning of Epidemic?
*disease acquired by many hosts in a short time
25
Pandemic meaning?
worldwide disease
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