LSD Exam 2

brain neuroendocrine process occurs primilary in early adulesccence that provide simulation to the rapid physical to come

order of male puberty stages

order of female puberty stages

womens first period

9, 11

peak puberty ages

powerful chemical substances secreated by endocrine glads and carry through body by bloodstream

regulates eating and sex

monitors growth and other glands gonads (testes and overies)

puberty period for boys

puberty for girls

By adolescence the brain have fewer more selective and efficient

where left and right brain connect thickness can process info better

(emotions and rewards) is almost all developed by early adulesc

comes from learning to manage sexual feelings, develop new forms of intimacy, regulate sexual behavoirs to limit bad outcomes
• Activities, interests, styles of behavior, and an indication of sexual orientation

health professionals suggest what forms of birth control

 Restricted energy intake, intense fear of gaining weight, don’t rec how serious low weight is
 Usually develops in early and mid adolescence
 Usually white female and in mid to high income level

binge and purge eating disorder, over eat and then puke or use laxatives: twice a week for three months issue

o Piaget says at -- are at --- dev which can reason logically ab events, objects, classify objects

 More abstract (make believe, propositions, hypotheticals and then reason for these)
 Think ab why thinking
 Critics say many adults don’t get to the formal stage, not enouph emph on culture/env, not stage like

self countousness of adolescent

others are as interested in them as they are
o Always trying to get noticed

self persective uniqueness and misunderstood

who says diff cog functioning levels in adolescence, initiate own change in thinking
• Improved exec funct
o Cool is logical thinking, hot is emotion
• Cognitive control involves controlling attention, reduce interfering thoughts, cog flexibility continue to increase
• Increased decision making

o a time of oscillating thoughts and feelings
o a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings

• At what age do boys begin to surpass girls in weight?

There is a basic genetic program that controls

• Late maturation for boys is favorable for eventual

• Limbic system is a set of

• The brain has plasticity, and its development depends on

• In adolescence, _____brain networks_ is/are especially prevalent across distant brain regions.

• According to research, adolescents who had oral-genital sex first were significantly ---- likely to experience a teen pregnancy than those who reported having vaginal sex first.

teen preganacy has --- over the years

• Of the new STI infections that occur in the United States each year, 15- to 24-year-olds account for

• Zack is 14 and he eats well and exercises regularly. Research shows that this behavior will help to delay or prevent which of the following?

• Which of the following is linked to having a healthier diet and reduced likelihood of being overweight?

• Carskadon's study on starting times for schools concluded that early school starting times may cause which of the following?

• Which of the following is an accurate statement about e-cigarette use among adolescents?

• Eating in a specific amount of time an amount of food larger than what most would eat in similar period in similar circumstances
• A lack of control over eating during an episode

• Adolescent thinking is full of

• According to Deanna Kuhn, young children attain largely ______ cognitive levels, whereas older children and adolescents approach cognitive levels that they _______ obtain.

j• immy is fifteen years old and is exhibiting an increasing ability to reason logically and make abstract propositions. Jimmy is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

• According to Kuhn, by the time a child reaches adolescence there is ______ in cognitive functioning across individuals.

includes exercising effective control over attention and interfering thoughts.

Some critics argue that too often U.S. high schools foster which qualities in students?

• Socially, a major problem for adolescents in U.S. high schools is

• According to some indicators, which underreported ethnic group may have the highest high school drop-out rate?

• Transition from adolescents to adulthood 18yr-25

identity exploration, instability, self focus, feeling inbetween, and age of possibility are all features of

key changes in identity

in love, work, edu
• Jake has just started college with a move into a dorm, a new college campus, new friendships, and a new job. This would demonstrate the _______ of emerging adulthood

---- focused is the idea that run own lives

don’t consider self adolescent or full adult

 Age of ----- is optimistic ab future

changes in emerging adulthood over time include

Considered to be in emerging adulthood when you have one or several of these marker points

peak physcial development years

After --yo muslces begin the decline

---- have twice the mortality rate of adolescence

Some reasons for emerging adults mortality include

% of emerging adults who do Not eating breakfast or sleeping right

% US 20 over obese

emerging adults can lose weight by

reduce heart disease and diabetes
 Aerobic exercise- sustained

% college students haven’t drank alcohol

o Extreme binge drinking is -- or more in a row or -- in two weeks

o Binge drinking peaks at

-- are more likely for substance abuse

% 18 yo had sex

• Avg age marriage

 Rates of contraceptives, kissing, oral, penetrative and touching have

couples have more sex when they

Sex statistics revealed: --- are more sexual, couples cheat ---- than belived, couple are --- kinky than thought

-- are more likely to be bisexual

is likely caused by multiple factors including hormones, genetic, cognitive, environment

 HIV breaks down the--- -- until you have -- that’s when a common cold can be life threatening

 Piaget: --- and up is formal concrete, adolescents and adults think similar but adults have more knowledge, adults focus on one area of knowledge

• Its Believed adults move into---: realistic, pragmatic thinking

elements of ---- include o Reflective, relativistic, contextual, provisional, realistic, o Recognized as being influenced by emotion, wisdom

postformal thought think deep and know diff solutions fit diff situations

hard to believe an answer is final

postformal thought thinking cant always be abstract

--- is affected by critical life experiences, humor, reflectiveness, openness to experience, emotion regulation

 Creativity peaks in -- and declines after --

heightened state of pleasure when engaged in physical or mental challenge

ways to achieve flow

motivation- motivated to get something else

motivated by its own stake

passion and persistence to achieve long term goals

work for ab --- of life

• The concept of emerging adulthood has been criticized for applying primarily to

• Typically, individuals reach their peak physical condition in

• Compared to college freshman 40 years ago, which of the following is true of college freshman today? They have an increased concern for the

• The stage of emerging adulthood tends to characterize a period of development in cultures that postpone

• Which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate?

• Which of the following findings from the Berkeley Longitudinal Study regarding health and life satisfaction is true? Physical health at age 30 predicted --- at age 70 for men more than for women

Obesity is linked to an increased risk of

• About -- percent of U.S. adults meet federal guidelines for physical activity.

According to one study, young adults' life satisfaction is positively related to which of the following?

• In 2016, approximately what percentage of U.S. adults were classified as obese?

• Overall rates of drinking among college students, including binge drinking, have ______ in recent years

• College students who binge drink are ______ times more likely to drive drunk than students who do not indulge in binge drinking.

• When both gender and ethnicity are considered, which of the following had the highest rate of obesity in the United States?

• Which of the following consequences did college students report when asked about problems resulting from their binge drinking?

• With regard to sexuality, as compared to men, women are more likely to do which of the following?

• Approximately Blank______ percent of U.S. adults report that they are gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

• Frequency of --- in adults is strongly related to life satisfaction for both men and women.

sexual orientation ---- be easily changed

• Compared to gay men, lesbians have ______ permissive attitudes about casual sex outside a primary relationship.

• No single sexually transmitted infection (STI) has caused more deaths, had a greater impact on sexual behavior, or created more public fear in the last two decades than

• The critical-period hypothesis of sexual orientation theorizes that a very early --- might influence sexual orientation.

• Research consistently shows that--- can rarely, if ever, be changed.

• In a recent study, ______ was predictive of creativity in the sciences.

Which of the following are aspects of self-regulation in achievement?

• According to interviews with 12- to- 22-year-olds, approximately ________ percent had a clear vision of where they wanted to go in life, what they wanted to achieve, and the purpose for these aspirations.

• Phyllis Moen recently identified the ______ as ingrained cultural beliefs that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will produce a path to status, security, and happiness.

• More work hours is correlated with

Recent research revealed that unemployment is related to increased rates of which of the following?

declined with unemployment and increased with new employment.

• William Damon argues that ________ is a missing ingredient in many adolescents' and emerging adults' achievement and career development.

o 60 year olds today are as healthy and productive as --- yr olds were

how old you feel

life expectancy is

this book defines middle age as

 a time to balance work and relationships amidst physical and psychological changes associated with aging

late midlife

over time middle as has become

of aging are usually in 40-50s: wrinkle, age spot, thick toenails, gray hair, lose height, gain weight

Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

o Muscles loss Over 50 is ---- per year

• Retina ability to focus and maintain image decline 40-59

visual changes in midadulthood include

• High blood pressure

• - hypertension, obesity, insulin

 By 55 --- in lungs become less elastic decrease lung capacity

main killer of middle age adults

fertility declines

periods stop, usually 51 (39-59), estrogen in overies declines

• Hormone replacement therapy can cause

as men age their --- slowly declines (1% per year) and ---- -- but can still father

• Men 40-70 yr have --% chance erectile disfunction

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills continually increase

abstract thinking starts to decline from

tested 6 intelligence and numeric ability and perceptual speed decreased, • many cognitive skills peak in middle age

o There is a significant increase in --- from middle to late adulthood

• For many people, middle adulthood a time of which of the following?

• For individuals who are 30 percent overweight, the probability of dying in middle adulthood increases by about -- percent.

• Metabolic syndrome may result in which of the following?

• hot flashes are caused by a decline in--- production

tasks are one common way of assessing speed of information processing.

• It has been concluded that in general, there is a(n) ______ during middle adulthood. Decline

• According to Schaie's research, the cross-sectional approach shows a ______ in inductive reasoning with age; while the longitudinal approach shows a ______ of inductive reasoning in middle adulthood.

• Processing speed begins to decline in ______ adulthood

• Approximately ______ percent of 45- to 54-years-olds were in the workforce in 2019

• A lack of leisure time in middle adulthood is linked to --- --- later on.

• During midlife, ________ slowly build(s) up on artery walls, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• One of your professors has asked you to work on a study that measures how developed volunteers' verbal skills are and how much information they have learned over time. What kind of intelligence will you be studying?

• The ability to recognize and understand patterns and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem is

o The term _____ refers to the maximum number of years that an individual can live.

o The number of years that a person born in a particular year will probably live is called

The effects of aging occur because, as we age, our cells are less capable of dividing.
theory- cells can divide a max of 75 to 80 times and as they age they are less capable of dividing

People age because normal metabolism in their cells produces unstable oxygen molecules that damage DNA and other cellular structures.
theory of aging states that people age because when cells metabolize energy, the by-products include unstable oxygen molecules that damage DNA and other cellular structures, leading to disorders.

Aging is caused by the decay of tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for growth, function, and repair.
- emphasis on mitochondrial decay- are tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair.
Decay because loss of critical micronutrients supplied by the cell
oxidative damage

theory Aging in the body's hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease.

family of protiens that  calorie restriction benefits
 stress resistance
 longevity
 cardiovascular functioning
 mitochondrial functioning in energy

a cellular pathway that regulates metabolism and growth: “target of rapamycin” which is a naturally derived antibiotic and immune system supressent. Used to prevent organ transplant rejection
 involves a cellular pathway that regulates metabolism and growth.

 20-90 yr lose-- --% of brain weight

 Decrease in -- --can be from shrinkage of neurons, lower number synapse, reduced length and complexity of axons and reduced dendrite.

thickening lense that causes cloudy and distortion, 30% by 70 and fix with glasses or surgery

buildup of fluid harms the optic nerve, 1% by 70 and with eye drops

deteriorate of molecular retina for center of visual field, 1/25
• may be able to see on the periphery but not what is directly in front of them.

% of 70 yr old have hearing loss (hear 25 mB in good ear)

% 70yo + impaired taste, 22% impaired smell

% 70 yo Decreased pain and touch most common pains are joint, back and nueropathic

% of 60-75 yr olds have back pain

% lung capacity drop between 20-80

% of 65-74 die from cancer or cardiovascular diseas

inflamed joints

significant bone tissue loss

--% 65 live in nursing home, --% 85 older

memory- retention of where and when things happened
• Reminiscence bump- adults remember more from 2nd and 3rd decade of life than others

memory- about world
• Recalling who the president is and the name for the capital of Japan
• memory a person's knowledge about the world, including a person's fields of expertise, general academic knowledge, and "everyday" knowledge.

umbrella term for high lvl cognitive processes in prefrontal cortex, for goal directed and self control

expert knowledge ab practical aspects of life that permit excellent judgment about important matter

global term for several neurological with irreversible decline in mental function that interfere with daily life

is 60-80% of dementia
progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration or memory, reasoning, language, physical functioning

transition state between normal and alzheimers

chronic progressive disorder with muscle tremors, slowing movement, and partial facial paralysis from deteriorating dopamine
 degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain

• The maximum human life span is approximately ______ years of age

• Which theory of aging supports the idea that if Alzheimer disease occurred earlier in development, it might have been eliminated many centuries ago?

• Researchers have found that ______ reduces oxidative damage created by free radicals.

It is not able to be empirically studied.
It does not account for cultural influences.
are crisims of

• Research has found that in late adulthood higher levels of ______ are linked with better memory.

• Each year, approximately 200,000 adults over the age of 65 fracture a hip in a fall. ______ of these older adults die within 12 months.

Hearing problems in older adults have been associated with which of the following?

• A 2016 study shows that older adults age 80 and above experience a greater decline in Blank______ than they do a decline in Blank______.

• Females make up about ______ of the cases of osteoporosis in the United States today.

According to research, exercise reduces the risk of which of the following chronic diseases?

• One benefit of elder-care centers is that they do not foster the sense of depersonalization and ______ that can be common for residents of institutions.

• Recalling the experiences you had on vacation and being at a mall and remembering what you wanted to buy are both examples of ______ memory

• Decline in perceptual speed is strongly linked with declines in ______ memory

Which of the following have been shown to improve older adults' processing speed?

• According to research, episodic memory declines ______ semantic memory in older adults.

• There is ______ in perceptual speed in late adulthood

Personality-related factors such as -- contribute to wisdom.

• Educational experiences have been ______ with better performance on memory tasks.

• According to Baltes, which of the following factors is LEAST important to the development of wisdom?

• The field of science that studies the links between development, the brain, and cognitive functioning is called

• Who is the LEAST likely to be able to continue working past age 65?

• The allele that has proven to be a risk factor for Alzheimer disease is the ______ gene.