1What is physiology?
-study of normal functioning (chem and physical processes) of a living organism and its component parts
2omics stands for
study of entire populations of molecules
3what is physiomics
molecular, cellular, and physiological information
4What are the four main themes in Physiology?
-structure and funciton are closely related
-living organisms need energy
-information flow coordinate body function
-homeostasis maintains internal stability
5What connects structure and function in physiology?
-molecular interactions
-compartmentation
6What is the difference between function and process?
function- explains what or why
process-explains how
7What does eitiological mean?
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
or
the investigation or attribution of the cause or reason for something
8What is teleological approach inquiry?
focus on function explaining the purpose
9What is Mechanistic approach inquiry?
the process or mechanism describes the how
10What is homeostasis?
-regulation of the body's internal environment
11What is dynamic steady state?
-maintaining stable internal environment
12How does ion distibution of NA+, CL-, and K+ between ECF and ICF compare?
Na and Cl are at high concentrations in the ECF and K is low
NA and CL are low in ICF and K is high
13Why is the human body an open system?
-input to body load must equal output to maintain constant level
14What keeps the body systems at set point/optimum value?
regulated variables by control mechanisms
15What two control systems regulate homeostasis?
-local and reflux
16Components of control systems?
-input signal
-integrating center
-output signal
17Steps of local response?
local change-->cells in vicinity initiate response (no integrating center component)
18Steps of relux response?
systemic change sensed-->brain evaulates change and initiates response-->reflux response (initiated by cells at distant site)
19What type of pathway is reflux control?
long-distance
20What systems does the reflux control system use?
nervous and/or endocrine systems
21What are the components of Reflex control response loop?
-stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output signal, target, response
22What does neg feedback loop do?
stabilizes variable
23What does positive feedback loop do?
reinforces stimulus
24Name of feedback looop that anticipates change before official stimulus?
feedforward control
25What is setpoint
normal range of function
26share one ex of positive feedback loop?
release of oxytocin during childbirth, influences mooth muscle/leads to uterine contractions), resolution= delievery of baby (no pressure no more hormone)
27Give an example of negative feedback loop:
complement and coagulation cascade
28Share an ex of feedforward mechanism:
salivating at the thought of food
29What are biological rhythms? provide ex
-regulated variables that create repeating patterns (circadium rhythum and cortisol levels/temperature)