1Functions of the kidneys
removes metabolic waste from the blood; forms urine
2Functions of the ureter
tubes approximately 10 inches long that transport urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
3Functions of the urinary bladder
A hollow extensible, muscular organ that temporarily holds urine
4Is the urinary bladder smaller in males or females
smaller in female, larger in male
5Capacity of the urinary bladder
approximately 470 mL; at 250-300 mL you begin to feel the urge to urinate; when full, the top of the bladder can reach to the level of the umbilicus
6Length of urethra in males and females
male 8-9 inches; female 1.5 inches
7Three major regions of the kidneys
cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis
8cortex
outer one third layer, granular appearance, renal columns are part of the cortex that extended into some areas of the medulla
9medulla
inner two thirds layer, striated in appearance, consist of renal pyramids
10renal pelvis
a funnel shaped sue that forms the upper end of the ureter, collects urine
11renal pyramids
conical masses that make up medulla
12nephron
the functional unit
13how many nephrons are present in one kidney
approximately 1 million per kidney
14Bowman's Capsule
expanded end of a nephron, encloses glomerulus
15function of Bowman's Capsule
filters blood to form urine from metabolic waste
16Glomerulus
rounded mass of capillaries enclosed by Bowman's capsule, the filtering structure in the formation of urine
17How does diffusion occur in the glomerulus
high pressure of blood in glomerulus causes materials to diffuse out of vessels and into Bowman's capsule
18Where does filtrate go from the Bowman's capsule
the filtrates from Bowman's capsule pass through the tubules and certain components are reabsorbed into capillaries that surround the tubules
20functions of the nephrons
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
21Aldosterone
produced by adrenal glands, controlled by NaCl. Increases water content of piss by blocking sodium uptake, which spirals into no water
22Antidiuretic Hormone
produced in the nephron, controlled by hypothalamus, serves to increase concentration of urine by increasing reabsorption of urine
23afferent arterioles
bring oxygen-rich/dirty blood to the glomerulus
24efferent arterioles
bring oxygen-poor/clean blood away from the glomerulus
258 components reabsorbed in the PCT
water, Na, K, glucose, amino acids, Cl, HCO3, and urea
264 components secreted in the PCT
H, NH4, urea and creatinine
274 components reabsorbed in the Loop of Henle
water, Na, K, Cl
28component secreted in the Loop of Henle
urea
293 components reabsorbed in the DCT
water, Na, Cl
30tubule with highest rate of absorption
Proximal convoluted tubule
31tubule with no secretion
Distal convoluted tubule
32what happens in the absence of ADH
tubules absorb more solutes than water, this form diluted urine
33factors that play a role in transporting urine from ureter to bladder
blood pressure, fluid intake, diseases
34factors that influence urine volume
dehydration, blood loss, diuretics, infection
35microvilli
increase surface area of tubules
36how much blood do the kidneys filter
180 Litres in a 24 hour period