Criminal Law: Penalties and Durations

No felony may be punished by a penalty not prescribed by law before its commission.

They generally apply retroactively when favorable, subject to the Article 22 habitual-criminal exception.

Twenty years and one day to forty years, subject to special statutory rules.

Twelve years and one day to twenty years.

Six years and one day to twelve years.

Six months and one day to six years.

One month and one day to six months.

One day to thirty days.

Six months and one day to six years.

Six years and one day to twelve years.

Six months and one day to six years.

No fixed imprisonment term; it is a public reprimand imposed by judgment.

It prohibits the imposition of the death penalty in the Philippines.

Reclusion perpetua, subject to the statute's distinctions.

A punishment directly imposed for the offense under the applicable penal law.

An additional legal consequence attached to certain principal penalties.

Permanent deprivation of specified public offices, rights, and qualifications under Article 30.

Deprivation of specified rights and offices during the period fixed by law.

Deprivation of particular offices, professions, or rights specified by law.

Deprivation of specified civil rights, including parental authority and management or disposition of property.

To secure the offender's commitment against committing the threatened offense.

Personal liability for unpaid fines under the conditions and limits established by Article 39.

No. Article 39 and applicable legal restrictions determine whether it applies.

Successive service cannot exceed three times the most severe penalty, subject to the forty-year ceiling.

Forty years, subject to the article's rules.

A single act producing two or more grave or less grave felonies, or one offense necessary to commit another.

The penalty for the most serious crime, imposed in its maximum period.

A single act constituting two or more grave or less grave felonies.

One offense committed as a necessary means of committing another.

A compound crime involves one act; a complex crime proper involves a necessary-means relationship.

Several acts treated as one offense because they arise from a single criminal resolution.

Generally one degree lower than the penalty for the consummated felony.

Generally two degrees lower than the penalty for the consummated felony.

Generally one degree lower than the penalty prescribed for the consummated felony.

Generally two degrees lower than the penalty prescribed for the consummated felony.

For a divisible penalty, the penalty is imposed in its minimum period.

For a divisible penalty, the penalty is imposed in its maximum period.

They are offset according to their relative weight under Article 64.

Article 64(5) generally permits a penalty one degree lower, in the appropriate period.

To determine the proper higher or lower degree of penalty.

To divide divisible penalties into minimum, medium, and maximum periods.

Age-based privileged mitigation applies where legally relevant, subject to the Juvenile Justice Act.

Termination of criminal liability through a cause recognized by law.

Death under specified conditions, service of sentence, amnesty, absolute pardon, prescription, and other statutory causes.

It extinguishes criminal liability for offenses within the valid amnesty's scope.

Amnesty generally covers classes of offenses; pardon is executive clemency granted to particular persons.

Loss of the State's right to prosecute after the applicable statutory period expires.

Loss of enforceability of an imposed penalty after the applicable statutory period and conditions.

Conditional pardon, commutation of sentence, and qualifying good-conduct allowances.

No. Civil liability may survive under Article 99 and other applicable laws.