ATC Systems and The NAS

1- Aeronautics Branch (1926)
2 ATC (1930)
3- Bureau of Air Commerce (1934)
4- Aeronautics Authority (1938)
5- CAA Reorganization (1939)
6- Civil Aeronautics Administraion (1940)
7- ATC now CAA responsibility (1941)
8- Federal Aviation Agency (1958)
9- The Department of Transportation Act (1966)

- air route traffic control centers (ARTCC)
- federal airport traffic control towers (ATCT)
- terminal radar approach control facilities (TRACON)
- air traffic control system command center (ARTCSCC)
- combined center radar approach ontrol facility (CERAP)
- service areas (eastern, western, central)
- Control Towers

- prevent collision between aircraft operating in the system
- provide a safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of traffic
- provide support for National Security and Homeland Defense
- provides positive control among aircraft under its control

1- seperate aircraft and issue safety alerts (first come first serve basis)
2- support national security
3- provie and solicit weather
4- provide additional services like flight following, report weather, atc workload permitting

1- aircraft in distress
2- MEDEVAC (civilian air ambulance) / AIR EVAC
3- presidential aircraft
4- SAR aircrafts performing SAR mission
5- Special Military and Civilian Operations
6- Flight Check aircraft
7- IFR aircraft over special visual flight rules (SVFR) aircraft
8- Diverted flights (DVRSN) are assigned for priority handling

- Traffic advisories
 Radar vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist aircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed
traffic
 Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or more from an assigned altitude as observed on a verified (reading
correctly) automatic altitude readout (Mode C)
 Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor
 Weather and chaff information
 Weather assistance
 Bird activity information
 Holding pattern surveillance

 Higher priority duties
 Limitations of the radar
 Volume of traffic
 Frequency congestion
 Controller workload

Air Traffic Manager (ATM)
- > Group 1
- Administrative Support
- Operations Manager
- Support Manager
- > Group 2
- Operational Supervisor (OS)
- Support Specialist

ATC

* Have no direct control authority over either IFR or VFR traffic
----> Services Include
Pilot Briefings
 Flight Plan Processing
 En Route Flight Advisories
 Search and Rescue Services (SAR)
 Assistance to Lost Aircraft
 Assistance to Aircraft in Emergency Situations
 Relay ATC Clearances
 Process Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs)
 Broadcast Aviation Weather and Aeronautical
Information
 Advises Customs and Border Protection of trans
border flights
 Alaska only:
 Take weather observations
 Provide Airport Advisory Service (AAS)

1- Flight Data NOTAM Coordinator
2- Broadcast
3- Preflight
4- Inflight

* mostly assists in the safe and efficient operations of that tower cabs

-Flight Data
- Clearance Delivery
- GC
- LC
- Tower Coordinator
- Tower Associate

Local Control and Ground Control positions exchange information for the safe and efficient
use of runways and movements areas. Only Local Control and Ground Control have the
distinction of being called the Tower positions, and their duties are to:
 Ensure separation
 Initiate control instructions
 Monitor and operate communications
equipment
 Utilize tower radar display(s)
 Utilize alphanumerics
 Assist the Tower Associate position with
coordination
 Scan tower cab environment
 Ensure computer entries are completed
for instructions or clearances issued or
received
 Ensure stripmarking is completed for
instructions or clearances issued or
received
 Process and forward flight plan
information
 Perform any functions of the tower team
that will assist in meeting situation
objective

Uses radar and nonradar capbilities to provide control services to aircraft arriving, departing, and transitioning airspace in a terminal area

- flight data
- radar associate
- radar controller
- radar coordinator

provides en route ATC service to IFR/VFR aircraft during the enroute phase of flight

- Radar Flight Data
- Radar Associate
- Radar
- Radar Coordinator

- altitude
- miles in trail or minutes in trail
- Fix Balancing or Airborne Holding
- Sequencing Programs
- Reroutes
- Ground Delay Programs (GDP)
- Ground Stops (GS)

- designed to achieve a specific interval between the aircraft
- assigns departure time to achieve constant flow of traffic over a common point
- en route sequencing assigns departure time that will facilitate integration in the enroute system
- arrival sequencing assigns fix crossing times to aircraft destined to the same airport

- ensures aircraft operate with the flow of traffic
- remains clear of special use airspace
- avoids congested areas
- areas known for bad weather or where aircraft are deviatiing or refusing to flow

- aircraft are held on the ground in order
- aircrafts given EDCT (expect departure clearance time)
- EDCT is calculated based on the estimated time en route and the arrival slot