1What carries blood away from the heart and is usually oxygentanted blood?
Artery
2What arteries do not carry oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary and umbilical arteries
3What carries blood toward the heart and is usually deoxygenated blood?
Veins
4what veins do not carry deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins and umbilical vein
5What are the microscopic vessels that contact tissue cells and serve cellular needs?
Capillaries
6What are the three layers of a blood vessel?
Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, and Tunica Externa
7Tunica Intima
Inner layer of blood vessel; contains endothelium and basement membrane; reduces friction
8Tunica Media
middle layer; contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers, responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation
9Tunic Externa
outer layer; anchors blood vessel, contains collagen fibers to protect and reinforce vessel (contains nerves, lymphatic vessels, and vasa vasorum)
10Elastic (conducting) Arteries
large, thick-walled arteries with elastin in all three tunics (expand and recoil)
11Muscular (distributing) Arteries
distal to elastic arteries, thick tunica media, active in vasoconstiction
12Arteriole
smallest arteries; regulate blood flow into capillarty beds; called resistance vessels
13Capillaries are the ______ vessels (only ____ _____) provide _____ to almost every cell
smallest; tunica intima; access
14What is the function of capillaries?
exchange of substances (gases, nutrients, wastes) between blood and interstitial fluid
15What are the three types of capillaries listed tightest to loosest?
Continous, fenestrated, and sinusiod
16Continuous capillaries
Abundant in skin and muscles; uninterrupted tube of endothelial cells tigh junctions and intercellular clefts (clefts allow passage of fluids and small solutes)
17Fenestrated capillaries
found in organs with rapid absorption or filtration (kidney, intestines); endothelial cells contain pores (fenestrations); more permeable to fluids and solutes
18Sinusiod Capillaries
found in bone marrow, liver, and spleen; usually fenestrated with large intercellular clefts; leaky capillaries that allow large molecules to pass through
19What are four routes INTO and OUT of capillaries?
Direct diffusion, through intercellular clefts, through cytoplasmic vesicles, and through fenestrations
20What are Capillary Beds?
Microcirculatory networks between arterioles and venules
21What do Capillary Beds consit of?
a vascular shunt (metarteriole and thoroughfare channel) and true capillaries (10-100 exchange vessels)
22True capillaries….
have precapillary sphincters, to regulate the blood flow through the true capillaries
23What happens when the sphincters in the true capillaries are open vs when closed?
blood flows through true capillaries when open; when closed blood bypasses the true capillaries
24Describe Venules
smallest veins (very smallest is post capillary venules); porous- fluid and WBCs in/out
25Describe Veins
thinner walls and larger lumens; thin tunica media; thick tunica externa with collagen and elastic fibers; called capacitance vessels (up to 65% of blood supply)
26What is the interconnection of two blood vessels?
Anastomosis
27Anastomosis is the interconnection of 2 blood vessels allowing….
blood to be supplied to or drained from an area by alternative vessels
28Three types of Anastomosis
Arterial (collaterals; joints/organs), Ateriovenous (shunts; capillary beds), and Venous (most common; in veins)
29What are the 5 factors that helps veins pump blood agaisnt gravity back to the heart?
pressure gradient, muscular pump, venous valves, respiratory pump, and venoconstriction
30Forman ovale becomes
Fossa ovalis
31Fossa ovalis was
Forman ovale
32Ductus Arteriosus becomes
Ligamentum Ateriosum
33Ligamentum Ateriosum was
Ductus Arteriosus
34Ductus Venosus becomes
Ligamentum Venosum
35Ligamentum Venosum was
Ductus Venosus
36Umbilical arteries become
Medial Umbilical Ligaments
37Medial Umbilical Ligaments was
Umbilical arteries
38Umbilical vein becomes
Ligamentum teres of liver
39Ligamentum teres of liver was
Umbilical vein
40What is the Circle of Willis?
arterial anastomosis around pituitary (cerebral arterial circle)