Urinary System: Organs and Functions

To remove metabolic wastes from the blood and direct the waste out of the body.
Filters blood and creates waste

Kidneys, 2. Ureters, 2. Urinary bladder, 1. Urethra, 1.

Filter blood and produce urine

Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

temporarily stores urine

Transports urine from the bladder out of the body.

Reddish-brown, bean shaped. Located high on the posterior abdominal wall. Retroperitonealehind the peritoneal lining. Right kidney lies just below the left. About the size of a bar of soap.

Tough, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the kidney

Outer portion of the kidney

Inner portion of kidney

cone-shaped masses of tissue in the renal medulla.

area of medulla in between pyramids

Superior end of ureter which is expanded to form a funnelenal sinus

tip of renal pyramid

small cup-like structures which receive urine from papillae

larger cup-like structures which receive urine from the minor calyces.

Tubes leading away from the kidneys

Medial indentation. Contains entry/exit for renal blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and ureter.

Metabolic wastes. Filters approximately 200 liters of blood every day

metabolic wastes from the body

Blood volume (ADH), blood composition, blood pH.

Blood pressure/enzyme renin

1-2 liters

Abdominal aorta, renal artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glommerular capillaries, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein , inferior vena cava.

functional unit of kidney.

Filters blood and produces urine

A renal and corpuscle and a renal tubule.

Glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Filtration unit. Cluster of capillaries which contain pores/fenestrations.

thin walled, sac-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus.

Lead to the glomerulus, which leads to the efferent arterioles.

leads from the glomerular capsule

Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, loop, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule/duct.

Approximately 1 million.

85%. Located in renal cortex. Short nephron loops that do not reach the renal medulla.

15%. Located partially in the cortex and deep in the medulla. Regulate water balance.

Glomerulus, afferent arteriole

glomerulus, efferent arteriole

peritubular capillaries which surround the renal tubule

about 20-25%

1.2 liters

340 times

product produced by the kidneys and contains wastes, excess water, and electrolytes

blood plasma is filtered. substances move from the blood to the glomerular capsule. Does not filter proteins. Filtration due to hydrostatic pressure.

return products filtered from the plasma back to the blood

puts waste products into the filtrate to be excreted from the kidney

stuff that passed through the glomerulus into the space within the corpuscle. glomerular filtrate passes passes through the fenestrations of the capillary endothelium.

Substances move from proximal renal tubules into blood of peritubular capillaries. Returns substances back into blood. Active/passive transport mechanisms. 99% of filtrate is returned to blood.

It is actively transported out of the tubule and back into the blood. 65%
Glucose/amino acids "hitch" onto sodium-passive transport.

65%

50%

Reabsorbs 50% of water from the tubule fluid in descending limb .
Reabsorbs 25% of sodium and chloride from tubule fluid in ascending limb.
Reabsorbs 40% of potassium.

reabsorbs some sodium, water, and some other small solutes.

Substances move from blood of peritubular capillaries into renal tubules. Rids body of certain chemicals, drugs and ions. Helps regulate pH.

95%

from protein catabolism such as urea

Sodium, potassium, ammonium, chloride, phosphorous. All vary with diet.

During disease, bacterial poisons leave the body in urine

Urochromes. Yellowish from the breakdown of red blood cells in the liver

blood, glucose, albumin, casts (chunks of material), and calculi (stones).

Approximately 11 inches long

Extend downward posterior to the parietal peritoneum, parallel to vertebral column. Enter the urinary bladder from underneath.

Propel urine from kidneys to urinary bladder by peristalsis.

Within the pelvic cavity, behind the symphysis pubis.

Point of attachment for anterior portion of bladder to symphysis pubis.

yes

A hollow, distensible, muscular organ that is lined with transitional epithelial tissue. Covered by fobrous connective tissue.

Rugae which contain stretch receptors.

Approximately 250 - 300 mls. about 1 cup

The floor of the bladder

A reservoir for urine and to expel urine.

Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside.

Approximately 8 inches

Approximately 1 inch

Urine and semen

Nephrons, collecting ducts, renal papilae, minor and major calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, outside world.