1What is a psychological Disorder?
Psychological dysfunction associated with distress and/or impairment in functioning; involves a response that is not typically or culturally expected; may include cognitive, behavorial, and/or emotional elements
2When is distress not considered normal?
dysfunctional distress occurs when people is much more distressed than others would be
3Impairment
must be pervasive and/or significant
4Culture
consider “normlacy” relative to behavior of others in same cultural context
5Rule of thumb
Mental disorder = harmful dysfunction
6Accepted definition of Psychological Disorder
Behavorial, psychological, or biological dysfuntions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and/or impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment
7What is Pyschopathology>?
Scientific study of pyschological dysfunction
8what does the science practitioner do?
stays current with research in the field, evaluates own assessment and treatment, and conducts research
9The Science Practitioner
practice (treatment delivery) and research mutually influnce each other
10What does a clincal description start with?
Begins with the presenting problem/symptoms (ex. chronic worry, panic attacks, etc)
11what does the clincal description aim to do?
Distinguish clinically significant dysfunction form common human experience
12The Clinical description describes:
prevelance, incidence, onset (acute vs. insidious), course (episodic, time-limited, or chronic), and prognsis (good vs. guarded) of disorders
13What are the three dominant traditions that have existed in the past to explain abnormal behavior?
Supernatural, Biological, and Psychological
14Possession/ treatment for it
mental illness sometimes believed to reflect possession by evil. treated by shocking/scaring out spirits (ex. hang patients over snake pits)
15Mass Hysteria
Saint Vitus’s Dance/Tarantism
16Modern Mass Hysteria
Emotion contagion (yawning), mob psychology “group think”
17Paracelus
Swiss physician suggested that mental health problems are affected by the pull of the moon/stars. how term “lunatic” was developed
18Deviant behavior seen as ______ vs. ______. This behavior was seen as caused by ______, ______, and _____. Treatment included:
good vs. evil. demonic possession, witchcraft, and sorcery. exorcism, torture, religious services
19The competing view to the Supernatural tradition:
“Insanity” is caused by emotional stress- not supernatural forces
20Hippocrates (460-377 BC)
Father of Modern Western Medicine.
21Etiology of mental disorder =
physical disease
22Hysteria/ “wandering uterus”
the theory that psychological symptoms were a result of the uterus moving around the body
23Galen (129-198 AD)
extended Hippocrates work
24Humoral Theory of Disorders
Functioning is related to having too much or too little of the four key bodily fluids
25What are four key bodily fluids?
Blood, Film, black bile, yellow bile
26 too much Blood causes what?
insomnia, delirium
27Too much film causes what?
apathay, sluggish
28Too much Black bile causes what?
meloncholic, depressive
29Too miuch yellow bile causes what?
hot tempered, angry
30who discovered the cause of syphilis which lead to the treatment of penicillin?
Pasteur
31John P. Grey did what/who?
Championed biological tradition in US and more humane treatment for patients
32The cure/cause of syphilis was the first what?
First piece of significant evidence for the biological cause
33Tarantism
a historical condtion particulary in southern Italy, that was characterized by an uncontrollable dancing impulse- beleived to be caused by a spider bite
34Etiology
the study of the causes and origins of a disease or disorder
35Prevelance
how many have the disorder in a population at a given time
36Incidence
the number of new cases over a period of time (usually a yr)