1Disease Classification
Rubella- viral infection characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions
2Caudstive Agent
Rubella Virus
3Get to know the Causative Agent
Spherical virus (55-70nm), enevelope, 5 protien coding genes
4Epidemiology: Rersvoir
Humans
5Epidemiology: Portal of entry
Respiratory Tract
6Epidemiology: Mode of Transmission
Aerosol respiratory secretions, direct contact (w/contaminated body fluids), Vertical
7What is the infectious period for Rubella?
7 days before symptoms occur- 7 days after rash appears
8Incubation Period
12-23 days
9Pathogenesis
Virus infects the respiratory tract and spreads to the rest of the body (espically skin, lungs, and brain) via the lymphatic system, Immune response in the skin causes rash. Damage to tissue can result in secondary infection and pneumonia
10Signs/Symptoms
Reddish-purple spots start on face and spreads towards feet (3 day rash), swollen lymph nodes, mild pink eye, mild flu symptoms, mild fever, cough, runny nose, headache, arthalgia, koplik spots (on mucosa in black of mouth)
11How many people experience no signs/symptoms?
20-50%
12What is the biggest complication of Rubella?
It is a Teratogen
13Complications of Rubella
1 in 4 hospitalized, morality 1-2:1000, Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS), Miscarriage, arthritis, encephalitis, thrombocytopenia
14Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
Birth defects, hearing loss, heart complications, mental retardation, vision problems (glaucoma, strabismus, etc), adult onset diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, growth hormone deficiency, 1/3 chance of dying before age 1
15Prevention
Vaccination- MMRV- adminstered at age 1-5
16Treatment
Supportive care, no known effective antivirals, immunoglobulin