Equilibria

Both forward and backward reactions are occuring at the same time

They remain constant

If an external condition is changed in a system at equilibrium , the position of equilibria will shift to oppose the change

Low temperatures may give a higher yield but a slow rate of reaction so a compromise is used

High energy costs and High equipment costs

No effect on yield but increases the rate of the forward and backward reaction EQUALLY BY THE SAME AMOUNT

Allows a lower temperature to be used

Recycling unreacted reactants

An activity which has no net annual carbon emissions to the atmosphere

Temperature

1. Prepare equilibrium mixture using a burette and boiling tube.
2. Leave the equlibrium mixture for a week
3. Rinse volumetric flas with distilled water and using a funnel transfer the ewuilibrium mixture
4. use distilled water to make up solution to 250cm
5. use pipette to transfer 25cm3 of solution and titrate it against sodium hydroxide
6. add NaOH until solution turns pink

Decreases concentration of all reactants so ewuilibrium shifts to the side with more moles to oppose the conc decrease

A reaction in which the products can react together to form the original reactants

When the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction

No reactants or products can ente or leave

The concentration of the products is greater than the concentration of the reactants

If a change is made to a closed system, the position of equilibrium wil shift in order to counteract the change

Concentration, Pressure and Temperature