Unit 2 Test

structure, physiology, behavior ecology

group of individuals of same species and area

groups of populations. Different Species.effect of interspecific interactions.

Commnunities of Organisms. Physical Factors they interact with.

Mosaic of connected ecosystems

Sum of all the planets ecosystems and landscapes

Long-term prevailing weather conditions; 4 main components, temperature, sunlight, precipitation, wind.

special use of resources

living resources

non-living resources

both speces are being harmed by the interaction; resources are limited. There may be niche overlap

2 species; competing for the same (limited) resources; may lead to local elimination

species filling a specific part of a niche, a height, time of day, etc.. to reduce competition

theoretical niche, niche that can be filled based on physiological requirements.

actaul niche, where they are when there is actual competition

Same place/country

separated populations, not together.

any +/- interation in which one species benefits by feeding on the other.

claws, fangs, teeth, poison, stinger

Hiding, fleeing, alarm calls, herds/schools, spines, chemicals, quills, skunk spray, camouflage

visual, auditory, behavioral, chemical, tactile, defensive, agressive, reproductive, automimicry.

prey species, for protection, mimics harmful model

one body part looks like another, may appear to have a set of eyes on the rear

for predator species, may lure pray, deceive pray "wolf in sheeps clothing"

(+/-) herbivore eats plant/algae. large mammals are most familiar.

2 or more species with direct and intimate contact. Both species benefit. Can be obligate or facultate

not a required interaction

a required interaction between 2 species

Parasite benefits and host sufferes

internal ex:worms

external ex: fleas, ticks

one species benefits. Other species goes unaffected. Hard to document

the variety of organisms in a community. Includes 2 components; species richness and relative abundance

total # of different species in a community

the proportion of each species relative to the total # of individuals in the community

limited by inefficiency in food transfer. (10%) if limited food chains are related to length in chaing, then habitats with higher productivity should have longer food chains

long food chains are less stable. Unpredictable environments mean shorter food chains

most abundant or have the greates biomass. May strongy influence occurence of other species, as well as the distribution of other species.

total mass of all the individuals in a population

Strong control b/c of ecological niche. Not necessarily abundant.

can cause physical changes in environment. affect community structure. ex: beaver dam. Are facilitators and can have positive effects on other species

nutrients - vegetation - herbivores - predators

predators - herbivores - vegetation - nutrients (trophic cascade model.

moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater levels of diversity. Better than having high or low levels of disturbance.

no soil remains after disturbance

soil remains after disturbance

takes solar energy and water availability into account

disease causing mircroorganisms; viruses, viroid, prions

transferred from one species to humans. Usually a direct transmission..

Species that get disease from species with the disease initially, then passes it to humans