Mixed Signals Prelim Drei Yu

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1
Roots of Digital Signal Processing
Digital Signal Processing is the mathematics, algorithms, and techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted into a digital form.
2
Seismic vibrations, visual images, sound waves
Examples of real-world signals used in DSP
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Radar & sonar, oil exploration, space exploration, medical imaging
Four pioneering fields in early DSP
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Goal of data compression in DSP
To reduce the number of bits per second needed to represent digital data
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To enhance space photographs and analyze sensory data from remote probes
Importance of DSP in space exploration
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Diagnostic imaging such as CT and MRI
Key application of DSP in medicine
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Purpose of DSP in telecommunications
Transferring information efficiently through various channels
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Sampling
The process of converting analog signals to digital by taking discrete values
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Sampling Rate
Number of samples taken per second in signal conversion
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Sampling Theorem (Nyquist)
The sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency of the signal to accurately reconstruct it
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Digital Filters
DSP tools used to modify or enhance signals by passing or blocking certain frequencies
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Frequency Response
How a system or filter reacts to different signal frequencies
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Multiplexing in telecommunications
Sending multiple signals through a single communication channel
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Compression in telecommunications
Reducing redundancy in digital signals to save space and bandwidth
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Echo Control in telecommunications
Technique used to eliminate delayed signals in phone conversations
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Audio Processing
Manipulating sound signals to improve or alter their quality
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Speech Generation
Creating human-like speech from text using computers
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Radar
Radio wave-based method to detect and locate objects using reflected signals
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Sonar
Sound wave-based method to detect objects underwater using echoes
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Use of DSP in CT scans
Converts detected x-rays into digital data for internal body imaging
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Use of DSP in MRI
Analyzes emitted radio waves from the body to create internal images
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Commercial (e.g., movie effects, video calls)
Field where DSP helps multimedia presentations
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Used for radar, sonar, secure communications, and guidance systems
Reason DSP is important in military
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Oil and mineral prospecting, process control, nondestructive testing
Industrial use of DSP
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Data acquisition, spectral analysis, simulation, and modeling
Scientific applications of DSP
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Filtering
Common DSP technique for image enhancement
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Effect of digitizing voice signals at 8000 samples/sec
Results in redundant data that can be compressed
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Why echo control is needed
To prevent hearing delayed versions of your own voice during calls
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Digital representation in audio storage
Prevents degradation compared to analog methods like cassettes
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Increases capacity and clarity while reducing cost and interference

DSP role in communication channels
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