1What is Virtue Ethics mainly concerned with?
The role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather than rules or consequences
2What question does Virtue Ethics ask?
“What kind of person should I be?”
3Who is considered the father of Virtue Ethics?
Aristotle
4What work of Aristotle introduced Virtue Ethics?
Nicomachean Ethics
5What is the ultimate goal of human life according to Aristotle?
Eudaimonia (flourishing, happiness, living well)
6How are virtues developed according to Aristotle?
Through habit and practice
7What does the Greek word "Arete" mean?
Excellence of character
8What are examples of moral virtues?
Courage, honesty, generosity
9What are examples of intellectual virtues?
Wisdom and understanding
10What is the Golden Mean?
The balance between excess and deficiency
11Give an example of the Golden Mean with courage.
Cowardice (deficiency) ← Courage (virtue) → Recklessness (excess)
12What is Eudaimonia?
The highest human good, a life of fulfillment and purpose
13What is Phronesis?
Practical wisdom, the ability to judge rightly and act appropriately
14What is one strength of Virtue Ethics?
It focuses on moral development and character
15Why is Virtue Ethics considered flexible?
Because it recognizes context and relationships instead of rigid rules
16What does Virtue Ethics promote in the long term?
Growth toward human flourishing
17What is one weakness of Virtue Ethics?
It is vague and does not always give clear answers
18Why can Virtue Ethics be considered relative?
Different cultures may value different virtues
19Why is "flourishing" difficult to use as a standard?
Because it is hard to define what counts as flourishing
20Why is Virtue Ethics difficult in urgent moral dilemmas?
It may not provide quick, clear action rules
21How does Deontology differ from Virtue Ethics?
Deontology focuses on duties and rules
22How does Utilitarianism differ from Virtue Ethics?
Utilitarianism focuses on consequences and maximizing happiness
23How does Virtue Ethics differ from Deontology and Utilitarianism?
Virtue Ethics emphasizes character and being a good person
24How is Virtue Ethics applied in leadership?
Virtue-based leaders are trusted
25How is Virtue Ethics applied in environmental ethics?
By developing virtues like responsibility and respect for nature
26How is Virtue Ethics applied in education?
By forming students’ character, not just teaching skills
27Who was one of the first philosophers to emphasize virtue as the foundation of a good life?
Socrates
28What famous saying is attributed to Socrates about living a good life?
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
29How did Socrates view the relationship between virtue and knowledge?
He believed that if you know the good, you will do the good.
30Who was the student of Socrates?
Plato
31Which work of Plato discusses virtues?
The Republic
32What are Plato’s four cardinal virtues?
Wisdom, Courage, Temperance, Justice
33Who is considered the Father of Virtue Ethics?
Aristotle
34What is the main work of Aristotle on virtue ethics?
Nicomachean Ethics
35What is Eudaimonia according to Aristotle?
Flourishing, the highest human good
36What is the Golden Mean according to Aristotle?
The balance between excess and deficiency
37What is Phronesis in Aristotle’s virtue ethics?
Practical wisdom, the ability to judge and act rightly
38Which philosopher integrated Christian theology with Aristotle’s virtue ethics?
Thomas Aquinas
39What are the three theological virtues emphasized by Aquinas?
Faith, Hope, Charity (Love)
40What are the four cardinal virtues recognized by Aquinas?
Wisdom, Courage, Temperance, Justice
41Who revived virtue ethics in modern philosophy with her essay Modern Moral Philosophy (1958)?
Elizabeth Anscombe
42Which modern philosopher emphasized virtues in real human life?
Philippa Foot
43Who wrote After Virtue (1981), a major text in contemporary virtue ethics?
Alasdair MacIntyre