1Why was India considered 'the jewel in the crown' by Britain?
It was a vital part of the empire
2How did India benefit Britain economically?
It provided raw materials (cotton cloth, metal) and a market for British goods
3What was the significance of India as a market for Britain?
It was Britain's largest overseas market for their goods
4What portion of Britain's overseas investment was directed towards India?
10%
5What percentage of India were Hindu?
70%
6What system do Hindus follow?
The Hindu Caste system
7What percentage of India were Muslims?
20%
8What is the Raj?
British India
9What were tariffs?
Taxes on goods
10What was the Caste System?
The hierarchy that Hindus lived in
11What were Princely States?
The parts of India that were ruled by a prince, not Britain
12What is nationalism?
Pride in your country
13What was the Civil Service?
the government job system
14What is self-determination?
the right of people to choose their own form of government
15When did Congress first meet and who was there?
1885. They had representatives from all provinces
16What was Congress originally intended to be?
A forum for discussion
17How many members were in Congress by 1914?
100,000
18Who were the main members of Congress?
High Caste Hindus
19How many Muslims were in Congress?
Originally there were 2, but it rose to 83
20How often did Congress meet?
Yearly (until the outbreak of WW1)
21When was the All India Muslim League founded?
1906
22What was the Muslim League's aim?
To found a political party that protested Muslims in a mainly Hindu country
23How many Indians contributed to the British war effort?
1.5 million
24What did India provide for the war?
Animals and money
25Where did Indians go during the war and what did they do?
They were dispatched across the world. Many were soldiers (800,000), cooks or medics
26How many Indians were harmed during the war?
70,000 killed, 70,000 injured
27How was India doing during the war?
There was lots of political unrest at the time
28What did Lord Kitchener do during the war?
He formed an Indian army with 10 divisions
29Why did India feel betrayed after the war?
They were promised independence by Britain but didn't receive it
30What was the Montagu Declaration (1917)?
Montagu tried to grant some self-government to India. There was no time scale for it
31What were the Rowlatt Acts?
A continuation of the wartime Defence of India Act (which was only supposed to last 6 months after the war). It allowed Indians to get punished for disobeying the Raj and without the right to a trial.
32What was the Amritsar Massacre?
In 1919, where the Indians were having a "protesting meeting" General Dyer ordered almost all the Indians to be shot
33What was the Government of India Act (1919)?
It provided local self-government and limited democratic elections, but not total independence. It was said to be renewed in 10 years. Split the government into a dyarchy
34What was a dyarchy?
the government was split into two. The central responsibilities dealt with things like tax, however the provincial responsibilities dealt with things such as education
35What was the Lucknow Pact?
Known as the high point between Hindu and Muslim relationshios. They decided that the number of Muslims in provincial legislatures should be set. This meant that Congress and the Muslim League could work together
36When did Gandhi take over Congress?
1920
37What are the Home Rule Leagues?
Launched in 1916. Mutually supportive leagues who aimed to introduce the concept of home rule to Indians who weren't interested in Congress or the Muslim League. It put pressure on British Rule but wasn't fully successful