1Intermittent/cramping Abd. pain, "red currant jelly" stool, a fever, bilious vomiting, knee-chest position, distended abd. with a sausage-shaped mass and tenderness in the RUQ is a classic presentation of....
intussusception
2The most common early symptoms of a postoperative ileus are _________ . ______ is a late sign of an ileus.
- abdominal distension and worsening pain.
- Vomiting
3What is the best description of the expected findings of an ileus on an abdominal radiograph?
Dilated bowel with air fluid levels.
4______ is the test of choice of a pt. w/ intussusception, it will show ______ or _____, usually around ______ confirms the diagnosis
- Target or doughnut sign
- usually around 3 cm in diameter, confirms the diagnosis.
5Botulism is food poisoning associated with the improper canning of certain....
fruits and vegetables, sausages, smoked and preserved meats, and fish
6Human immunoglobulin is used for infant botulism in patients under ______
1 year of age
7What is the treatment of choice for foodborne botulism in pt. > 1y.o
Equine heptavalent serum antitoxin
8Diagnosis of Hepatitis A is confirmed by measuring ______. This antibody usually disappears within ______ but can persist longer.
- immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies
- 4 months
9Children should receive a 2-dose seriesof hepatitis A vaccine with a minimum interval of_____ at ages _____ to _____
- 6 months
- 12 to 23 months
10Laboratory results for Heapatitis B are ______, ______, & ______
- surface antigen positive
- antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positive
- antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen negative.
11Batteries lodged in the esophagus should be ________ to avoid _______ of surrounding tissue and perforation risk. Emesis should not be attempted as it may cause aspiration and toxic damage
- endoscopically removed as quickly as possible
- electrical current destruction
12Diagnosis of malabsorption is indicated histologically by _______ & ______
- villous atrophy and lymphocyte proliferation on small bowel biopsy
13Which of the following hepatitis B serologic markers would be the first to appear in an acute infection? It may appear ______
- Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
- prior to the onset of clinical symptoms
14Diarrhea is described as.....
3 or more loose or watery stools a day
15Infectious diarrhea etiologies cause damage to the ______, which leads to ______
- epithelial cells
- increased intestinal permeability
16_____ has had the greatest impact on hepatitis A. Vaccination has had an impact on hepatitis A, but not as great.
- Sanitation
17Fifth disease is caused by _____ that has a rash with a ______ appearance
- Parvovirus B19 virus
- Slapped cheek appearance
18Meckel diverticulum is caused by the ______ of the ________ in the _______
- incomplete obliteration
- omphalomesenteric duct
- developing embryo
19Meckel diverticulum affects children ______ & ____ more than _____.
- < 2 y.o
- Males 2x > females
20_______ with a __________ is suggestive for a diagnosis of Meckel diverticulum.
painless bleeding with a positive technetium-99m scan
21Cholera is caused by _____ is spread via the ______ and causes ______ & _______
- Vibrio cholerae
- fecal-oral route
- painless watery diarrhea and vomiting
22Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae leads to _____, _____, ______, & ______ secretion by the gut epithelium.
increased chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and potassium
23The diagnosis of cholera is based on ______. It can be confirmed by _______. The best test to distinguish Aeromonas from Vibrio spp. is the _____
- clinical suspicion
- isolating Vibrio cholerae from stool samples
- String test (vibrio=positive)
24Early s/s of intussusception include __________ abd pain, _______, _______, & _____. Pain is ______ because the bowel segment transiently ______
- periodic/cramping abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting (green from bile), & knees-chest positioning
- intermittent
- stops contracting.
25Appendicitis on ultrasonography (USG) shows _______ of ___ to ___, lacking ______
noncompressible tubular structure of 7 to 9 mm in diameter, lacking peristalsis
26Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi causes the ________ which leads to ______. _______ leads to generalized ________, and the patient can present with _______
- hypertrophy of Peyer patches
- ileal perforation
- Intestinal perforation
- peritonitis
- shock
27The appearance of ________ points towards the diagnosis of typhoid fever.
macular red-purple spots (rose spots)
28_______ is the gold standard for evaluating for intrabdominal injury in a stable patient
CT scanning
29Small magnets in the intestines pose a high risk of injury and require _______
emergent referral for endoscopic intervention
30The most common causative agents of Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are ______ & ______
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis