1The hypodermis layer consists of adipose tissue that serves to
generate heat and provide insulation, shock absorption, and a reserve of calories.
2Chickenpox (Varicella) have a period of communicability lasting....
1 or 2 days before onset of rash until all the vesicles have crusted over (1 week)
3Fluid-filled lesions will transilluminate with a _________ , and solid filled masses will....
- red glow
- not transilluminate
4A history of inflamed forearms presenting with red intensely itchy patches is an indication of
Eczema
5The sebaceous glands, when stimulated by the __________ produce a
- sex hormones
- lipid-rich substance that keeps the skin moist.
6The white crescent-shaped area beyond the proximal nail fold is called the matrix, which is the
site of new nail growth
7Newborns are more vulnerable to hypothermia because of a
poorly developed subcutaneous fat layer and therefore have a reduced ability to generate heat
8Normal hormone-related changes of adolescence include
the sebaceous glands increase sebum production, which causes the skin to have an oily appearance
9Expected hair distribution changes in older adults include
The transition from a vellus to terminal hair pattern occurs in older men at the nares and tragus
10Older adults typically have decreased peripheral circulation to the nails, causing the nails to develop
longitudinal ridges that are more brittle and susceptible to splitting into layers
11What type of lighting is best to exam color variations in the skin
with illumination provided by dayligh
12Tangential lighting—light shined laterally to the surface—is best for inspecting
skin contour
13The absence of melanin produces unpigmented white areas known as
vitiligo
14Nevi are more common in persons who burn, rather than tan; therefore, _________ have the lowest rates of nevi.
African Americans
15In the absence of liver disease, another cause of jaundice is
- increased carotene pigmentation
- Diets high in carrots, sweet potatoes, and squash are high in carotene and can make the skin appear to be jaundiced
16Spider angiomas are ______ associated with _______ that...
- dilated arterioles
- associated with high estrogen levels
- Blanching over the center is followed by a rapid return of redness from the center outward
17Telangiectasias
- when blanchedrefill erratically
18Petechiae
- Don't blanch
- smaller than 0.5 cm in diameter
19Ecchymoses are larger than
0.5 cm in diameter
20A macule is a
flat, circumscribed area smaller than 1 cm in diameter and is measurable
- An example of a macular rash is measles
21A plaque is an
elevated, firm, rough lesion with a flat top surface larger than 1 cm in diameter
- ex. psoriasis
22Skin lesions are transilluminated to distinguish
- Fluid-filled lesions from solid cysts or masses
- Fluid-filled lesions will transilluminate with a red glow, and solid masses will not transilluminate
23Fluorescing lesions (e.g., some tinea lesions) show a characteristic _______ color under a
- yellow-green
- Wood’s lamp
24Hirsutism in women (growth of terminal hair in a male distribution) can be a clinical sign of an
endocrine disorder
25Nail Changes: yellow in the toe of an older adult can represent _________; Pits in both index fingernails is r/t _______; Single dark band in a white adult indicates _______
- a nail disease or a chronic respiratory condition
- psoriasis
- melanoma
26The presence of six or more Cafe au lait patches with diameters larger than _____ in children younger than 5 years of age suggests
- 1 cm
- neurofibromatosis
27A Dennie-Morgan fold is probably caused by
chronic eye rubbing causing an extra crease or pleat of skin below the eye
28Cherry angiomas occur in almost everyone older than
30 years and increase numerically with age
29Pigmented, raised, warty lesions over the face and trunk should be assessed by an experienced practitioner who can distinguish
- seborrheic keratoses from actinic keratoses
- Actinic keratoses have malignant potential
30Solar lentigines are ________ lesions with a ________ that occur in sun exposed areas and are referred to as........
irregular, round, gray-brown lesions with a rough surface that occur in sun-exposed areas and are referred to as age spots
31Tinea corporis
noncandidal fungal infection
32Psoriasis is characterized by
itchy, red plaques with silvery scales
33Herpes zoster (shingles) produces
painful vesicles, itching, or burning of the dermatome area
34pityriasis rosea characteristics
- pale, erythematous oval plaques over trunk
- fine scales, fernlike pattern, parallel alignment
- not contagious
- begins w/ sudden primary (herald) patch, gen. eruption to trunk & extremities following 1 to 3 weeks later
-Inquire recent skin lesion
35ABCDE melanoma mnemonic includes
asymmetry, borders that are irregular, color that is not the same all over, diameter larger than 6 mm and growing, and evolution.
36Basal cell carcinoma initially presents as a ______ and then generally progresses into a......
- Papule
- Red ulcer with rounded borders
- most common skin cancer
- occurs more frequently on sun-exposed parts of the body
37Kaposi sarcoma is the more common malignant skin lesion of ______. The lesions are....
- HIV-infected persons
- The lesions are soft, painless, bluish purple macules or papules
38Chickenpox (Varicella) lesions are _____ on an ______ that begin near the ____ and spread to the _____.
- discrete vesicles on an erythematous base that began near her scalp and are spreading to the trunk
39Impetigo causes
intense pruritus, regional lymphadenopathy, and honey-colored exudative crusting as the vesicles or bullae rupture and dry
40The normal nail base angle should be ______, which results in a concave nail base that produces a _____ with the Schamroth technique
- 160 degrees
- diamond-shaped window
41Common signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma include a
•An open sore that doesn't heal
•A red or irritated patch of skin that persists
•A shiny bump or growth that can be pink or light brown, depending on a person's skin tone
•A waxy area that looks like a scar
42Café au lait patches are a type of __________ characterized by.....
- Birthmark
- light brown flat patches w/ irregular edges
- darkened with sun exposure
43Purpura
-red purple non blanching discoloration greater than 0.5cm in diameter.
44Papule**
an elvated firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm examples: wart, elevated moles, lichen plans.
45Macule**
a flat circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin, less than 1 cm, examples are freckles flat moles (nevi) petechiae and measles
46**Basal cell skin cancer is unlikely to spread, but if it does spread, it usually moves directly into...
tissues and bones nearest to the affected skin cancer area
47**the most important difference between basal and squamous cell skin cancer is that
Squamous cell is more likely to spread to other organs
48Squamous cell skin cancer presents as
- Scaly, rough patches that bleed/crust over and wont heal
- raised edges, depressed center