Unit 4 - Impact of Thatcherism, 1979-87

1)Belief in free markets and a small state.Rather than planning and regulating business
and people's lives ,gov get out the way people do it themselves

1)organization that researches potential social, political andeconomic policies, it can be attached to an ideology.
2)Nickname given to cons party members and supporters for beingg soft and squeamish about
social cosequences of monetarist economic policies also one nation conservatives

1)Nickname given by conservatives who firm and uncompromsing in support for monetarism

1)Jim pior
Michael Hesltine -"Tarzan".Beleives in one nation and pro european views =resign over westland affair

1)Geoffrey Howe-Thatcher First chancellor of Exchequer 79-83 -Views on EU conflict with thatcher-speach of resign help cause her fall
Keith Jospeh -Need of free markets policies -Support thatcher greta deal of influence on her early party decsions
Nigel Lawson -Expansory budget of 87 amd 88 created lawson boom,Resign from gov furious about excessive influence by thatcher private eco advisor alan walkers

1)Presented image of divided party more concerned own internal wrnaglers prep itself for gov
Split between left and right.Callaghan been moderate followed as leader by mike foot 1980s.
strong links with unions seen by voters as contributes to industrial strife,Laobur inable to govern

1)Michael Foot
2)"Gang of four" Shirely williams,David owen,William Rodgers ,Roy Jenkins

1)Election defeat 79,foot as leader ,constitunal changes pushed further to left,anti european
2)Liberals ,help gain 1/4 of popular vote

1)Foot led party and campaign in uninspiring way
weakend bu series of public internal disputes
ill thougout manifesto ;abandon nulcear deterrent ,intro nationalisation .Gerald Kaufman"longest suicide note in history"
Thatcher won falklands war ,Pacifism in falklands look unpatortic

1)Neil Kinnock

Reject uniliaterism
Denounce militant tendency counilors
series of u turns on nationalisation ,nuclear issues on europe
2)Joint of liberal party alliance looks unattractive

1)Hunger strikes led by bobby sands began in 1980s as protest.fight for special category status(not prisoners)(political level)
2)Death of independent republican MP in Fermanagh south tyrone presented sinn fein,Political wing of IRA ,with opportunity
3)Sands nominated stand in by election as Anti-h-block candiate won the seat,however he died few weeks later=9 more died before called of in 81

1)Thatcher intransigent and defeat for IRA=became hate figure in N ireland=sands become republican hero
2)Over night attack where IRA exploded bomb in grand hotel in brighton during cons party conference -thatcher unhurt
London and dublin discuss proposals

1)Anglo irish gov set up - perm intergovernal co-op between UK and republic of ireland
-Republicans opposed as confirm N'ireland part of UK
Hillsborough agreement -gave irish gov advisory role in n'ireland
-caused furiuos unionists and loyalist -200,000 attend protest in belfast
ulster resistance set up -86-cycle of violence and retaliation

1)reduce gov spending.control inflation by restain spending and borrowing ,curb money supply .
2)plunged into recession,hit by both inflation ,above 15%<unemployment at 2 mill
"stagflation"-North oil and gas saved britan from what could have been bal crisis

1)gov borrowing went down,grants for local councils cut and benefits frozen.Howe-"most unpopulsr budget in history"
-cUT public spending ,individuals spent more monet better than gov -more money in pocket

1)Shift from direct to indirect tax
2)VAT went 8% to 15%,taxes on petrol ,alcohol,cigs went up
3)top rate income fe;; 83% to 40% by 88

1)Interest rates used as control mechanism raised to 17% in 79
more expensive businesses to borrow ,increased value of £
peaked 22% 1980 low of 2.5 in 86 ,1990 reached double figures
2)difficult for business to export,80s decline both output and demand,Businesses going bankrupt =hugh unemployment

1)Not seen as primary aim,Rise in unemployment prepared and accepted
youth employment scheme-employers recieve subsidy for young people ,Employer n'insurance reduced lower jobs
83 rose to over 3 mill not below 3 until 87
2)many industry plants closed permently "deindustrialstation",outout fell by 15% in 2 years,unemployment rate not fall below 3 mill unti 87

1)Old labour -intensive industries facing challenges from foreign competiton and from tech innovation moving from being based on
manufacturing and heavy industry becoming based on services
-some areas know nothing but coal mines,investement and region in some of these areas
2)increased problems of ill health and drugs,81 series of riots ,liverpool ,london,leeds,High levels of deprivaton

1)Housing act of 1980 gave council tenats right to buy their council house.recieve discount between 33% and 50% depending on how long live there.
2)By 1988 approx 2 mill new homeowners taken advantage of scheme .Profits from council house sales to reduce debts not to build new houses.Number of available houses reduced.
Many people housed in emergency B&B accomidation which expenesive for councils to provide and not always sutiable for families involved.

1)Ensures everyone contributes in the household
2)89 introduced in scotland ,Ruined reptuation.Anti-poll tax union setup across country -30% not paying tax
1990 trafalgar square demonstration turned into riots.5K people injured .Cars overturned set on fire

1) 1984-1985
2) have huge stocks of coal built at power station, flow of North Sea oil made less likely be an energy crisis as happened in 73.

1) NCB(National coal board) need to close 20 pits

1) scargill- not gain total support for national strike . refused to hold strike ballot and failed to overcome regional divisions among miners(Nottinghamshire miners formed breakway union of Democratic mineworkers). there were bitter recriminations. UDM accused of caring more about left politics than interests of miners leading to defeat
-alienated moderates, never got support of Labor Party leadership.

1) had new equipment, more experience of riot control and better techniques
Thatcher's critics blamed her for politicisation of police used to defeat the miner's rather than impartial protectors of law and order

1) Power of unions dramatically reduced
1990-Trade union membership was only 2/3 of what been 79 .
state industries such as British steel and British Airways reorganized with massive job losses
1979 coal industry employed 200,000 by 1990 total was down too 60,000 and still falling