The ability to memorize information accurately

Considering all possible viewpoints.

Improving facial expressions during communication.

NACC Module 2: Communication

160 flashcardsby Bramea

English

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Communication is best defined as:

Sending information only
A systemic process of creating and interpreting meaning
Speaking clearly
Giving instructions

Which level of meaning refers to the literal message?

Relationship level
Emotional level
Content level
Cultural level

Which communication model includes feedback?

Linear model
Interactive model
Static model
Passive model

The transactional model shows that:

Only one person communicates at a time
Communication is one-way
Both people send and receive messages simultaneously
Feedback is unnecessary

Noise in communication is:

Only loud sounds
Anything that interferes with communication
Speaking too quietly
Using difficult words

Communication helps build personal identity because:

People learn about themselves through others
It improves handwriting
It replaces education
It prevents conflict

Which is an example of interpersonal communication?

Watching television
Giving a speech to hundreds of people
Talking with a close friend
Reading a newspaper

Why are communication skills important in the workplace?

They reduce the need for teamwork
Employers value effective communication
They eliminate mistakes completely
They replace technical skills

Which communication model is considered the most complete?

Linear model
Interactive model
Transactional model
One-way model

Intercultural communication focuses on:

Communicating only online
Communication between people from different cultures
Public speaking
Communication in hospitals

What is perception?

The ability to memorize information accurately
The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information
The process of speaking clearly to others
The ability to solve problems logically

Which of the following best describes selective perception?

Remembering everything you experience
Paying attention to some information while ignoring other information
Organizing information into categories
Changing your opinion after receiving new information

Which factor is MOST likely to influence what you notice first?

Your shoe size
Your favourite color
Your needs, interests, and expectations
Your handwriting

What is the purpose of organization in the perception process?

To ignore unnecessary information
To group information into meaningful patterns
To judge whether information is true or false
To remember every detail perfectly

A schema is:

A type of communication model
A mental framework built from previous experiences
A communication barrier
A listening strategy

Which statement best describes interpretation?

It is choosing which information to notice.
It is giving meaning to the information we have selected.
It is repeating information accurately.
It is organizing information alphabetically.

If you believe someone arrived late because they are irresponsible, you are making
a(n):

External attribution
Selective perception
Internal attribution
Abstraction

Which example demonstrates an external attribution?

"She failed because she is lazy."
"He is rude because he has a bad personality."
"She was late because there was a traffic accident."
"He forgot because he doesn't care."

How can digital media influence perception?

It always presents completely accurate information.
It often shows carefully selected versions of reality.
It eliminates misunderstandings.
It removes personal bias.

Which practice improves the accuracy of perception?

Trust your first impression every time.
Make quick judgments before asking questions.
Consider different viewpoints before reaching conclusions.
Ignore information that disagrees with your beliefs.

According to the chapter, how does the self develop?

It is completely inherited through genetics.
It develops through communication and interaction with others.
It is fully formed at birth.
It changes only during childhood.

Which type of communication explicitly tells people who they are by giving labels?

Reflected appraisal
Social comparison
Direct definition
Identity script

Which attachment style develops when caregivers are consistently loving and supportive?

Fearful
Dismissive
Secure
Anxious/Ambivalent

What is an identity script?

A personality test
Rules and expectations about how people should live and behave
A communication barrier
A type of attachment style

Which statement best describes social comparison?

Comparing ourselves with others to evaluate our abilities or qualities
Judging other people's personalities
Remembering past experiences
Ignoring differences between people

A student believes they are poor at public speaking, avoids presentations, and continues performing poorly. This is an example of:

Reflected appraisal
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Social comparison
Ego boundaries

Reflected appraisal means:

Judging other people by appearance
Seeing yourself based on how you believe others see you
Comparing yourself with famous people
Ignoring others' opinions

The generalized other refers to:

One close friend who influences you
Society's rules, values, attitudes, and expectations
Family traditions only
Your own personal beliefs

Which of the following is an example of social comparison?

A child learning to walk
Comparing your exam grade with a classmate's grade
Following family traditions
Learning a new language

Which statement best summarizes the main message of this chapter?

Identity never changes after childhood.
Communication has little effect on personal identity.
Personal identity develops throughout life through communication with family, peers, society, and ourselves.
Personality is determined entirely by genetics.

What is the main difference between hearing and listening?

Hearing requires concentration, while listening happens automatically.
Hearing is a physical process, while listening is an active mental process.
Hearing only occurs in conversations.
Listening only involves hearing sounds.

Which step is considered the foundation of effective listening?

Responding
Remembering
Mindfulness
Interpretation

Which of the following is an external obstacle to effective listening?

Preoccupation
Prejudgment
Environmental distractions
Lack of effort

Which situation is an example of message overload?

Listening to one short conversation.
Trying to text, answer emails, and listen to a lecture at the same time.
Reading one page of a textbook.
Listening to soft background music.

A student looks at the teacher, nods occasionally, but is actually browsing social media. This is an example of:

Defensive listening
Ambushing
Selective listening
Pseudolistening

Which type of nonlistening occurs when someone keeps changing the conversation focus on themselves?

Literal listening
Monopolizing
Ambushing
Relational listening

A listener assumes an innocent question is actually meant as criticism. This is an example of:

Critical listening
Defensive listening
Selective listening
Informational listening

What is the primary goal of critical listening?

To comfort another person.
To memorize everything that is said.
To evaluate ideas, evidence, and credibility.
To avoid asking questions.

Which listening style is most appropriate when a close friend wants emotional support?

Informational listening
Critical listening
Relational listening
Defensive listening

According to the chapter, which strategy helps improve listening?

Multitask whenever possible.
Judge the speaker immediately.
Minimize distractions and ask questions when needed.
Focus only on information you already agree with.

What is a symbol in verbal communication?

A physical object that never changes.
Something that represents another object, person, event, or idea.
A type of nonverbal communication.
A communication barrier.

Which characteristic of symbols means there is no natural connection between a word and what it represents?

Ambiguous
Concrete
Arbitrary
Constitutive

Why are symbols considered ambiguous?

They always have only one meaning.
Different people can interpret the same symbol differently.
They are used only in formal communication.
They never change over time.

Regulative rules tell us

The meaning of different communication behaviors.
How grammar should be used.
When, where, and how communication is appropriate.
Which words are correct in a dictionary.

Which communication pattern occurs when one person pushes to discuss a problem while the other avoids the conversation?

Totalizing
Dual perspective
Demand-withdraw pattern
Facework

Which statement is an example of I-language?

"You never listen to me."
"You always interrupt people."
"I feel frustrated when I'm interrupted."
"You make everyone angry."

Totalizing means

Considering all possible viewpoints.
Defining a person by only one characteristic or label.
Giving detailed explanations.
Using respectful language.

Which example best demonstrates stereotyping?

Learning about someone's unique experiences.
Asking questions before making a decision.
Assuming all older adults dislike technology.
Respecting cultural differences.

What is facework?

Improving facial expressions during communication.
Managing the image we present to others.
Studying body language.
Memorizing communication rules.

Which strategy is most likely to improve verbal communication?

Using emotionally loaded language.
Focusing only on your own perspective.
Using dual perspective and respectful I-language.
Labeling people based on first impressions.

What is nonverbal communication?

Communication using only spoken words
Communication through behaviors, appearance, and other cues instead of words
Communication using written language only
Communication that occurs only online

If a person's words and body language send different messages, people usually believe the

Spoken words
Written message
Nonverbal message
First statement they hear

Which type of nonverbal communication refers to body movement?

Chronemics
Haptics
Kinesics
Proxemics

Haptics is the study of

Eye contact
Personal space
Touch
Voice tone

Which type of nonverbal communication involves the use of personal space?

Paralanguage
Proxemics
Artifacts
Kinesics

Which of the following is an example of paralanguage?

Wearing a business suit
Speaking loudly with an excited tone
Standing close to a friend
Smiling during a conversation

Chronemics refers to communication through

Touch
Body movement
Time
Clothing

Which statement best describes artifacts?

They are facial expressions.
They are personal objects that communicate information about a person.
They are gestures used in conversation.
They are communication barriers.

Which function of nonverbal communication helps people know when to speak or listen?

Expressing emotions
Complementing verbal messages
Regulating interaction
Reflecting culture

According to the chapter, what is the best way to interpret another person's nonverbal communication?

Assume your first impression is always correct.
Ignore cultural differences.
Interpret nonverbal behaviour carefully and avoid jumping to conclusions.
Focus only on facial expressions.

Which characteristic makes a personal relationship different from a social relationship?

It only exists between family members.
It involves unique individuals, commitment, and shared rules.
It lasts only a short period of time.
It does not require communication.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three relational dialectics?

Autonomy vs. Connection
Novelty vs. Predictability
Competition vs. Cooperation
Openness vs. Closedness

What does the Autonomy vs. Connection dialectic describe?

The balance between independence and closeness.
The balance between honesty and lying.
The balance between work and school.
The balance between friendship and romance.

Which factor is most likely to increase attraction when forming a relationship?

Living far away from each other.
Having similar interests and values.
Never communicating.
Avoiding shared experiences.

Which love style is based on deep friendship?

Eros
Mania
Storge
Ludus

Which of the following is one of John Gottman's Four Horsemen that can damage relationships?

Encouragement
Empathy
Stonewalling
Cooperation

What is relational culture?

The laws that govern relationships.
The shared routines, meanings, and communication patterns developed by partners.
A personality type.
A communication barrier.

What does equity mean in a relationship?

One partner makes all the decisions.
Both partners feel that contributions and benefits are fair.
Partners avoid discussing problems.
One partner contributes more than the other.

Which strategy helps couples successfully manage relational dialectics?

Ignoring disagreements.
Communicating openly and finding balance.
Avoiding personal conversations.
Always putting one partner's needs first.

According to the chapter, healthy relationships are built primarily on:

Popularity and physical appearance.
Luck and coincidence.
Trust, respect, communication, and commitment.
Spending money together.

Which statement best defines a group?

Two people who occasionally communicate.
Three or more people who interact, depend on one another, and work toward a common goal.
Any collection of people in the same place.
A group of people with no shared objective.

How is a team different from a regular group?

Teams have fewer than three members.
Teams do not have shared goals.
Team members have complementary skills and a stronger sense of collective identity.
Teams do not require communication.

Which of the following is a potential limitation of group work?

Greater creativity
Stronger commitment
Social loafing
Greater resources

What is social loafing?

Members working harder than expected.
Members contributing less effort because they are part of a group.
Members arriving late to meetings.
Members disagreeing with the leader.

Which term describes members becoming so focused on agreement that they stop thinking critically?

Synergy
Cohesion
Groupthink
Climate communication

According to the chapter, what is the ideal size for most small groups?

2-3 members
5-7 members
10-12 members
More than 15 members

Which type of communication helps organize meetings, summarize progress, and keep the group on task?

Task communication
Procedural communication
Climate communication
Egocentric communication

Which type of communication builds positive relationships and encourages cooperation?

Procedural communication
Climate communication
Task communication
Centralized communication

Which of the following is an example of egocentric communication?

Encouraging another member's idea.
Asking for clarification.
Dominating the discussion to gain attention.
Summarizing the group's progress.

Which strategy helps improve communication in virtual teams?

Multitasking during meetings.
Avoiding regular communication.
Scheduling regular meetings and using multiple communication tools.
Limiting communication to email only.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key features of organizations discussed in the chapter?

Structure
Communication Networks
External Environment
Personality Types

What is an organization's structure?

A list of company products.
A system of roles, procedures, and relationships that organizes work.
A company's advertising strategy.
The physical layout of the building.

Which statement best describes organizational culture?

The company's financial performance.
The shared values, beliefs, and ways of working within an organization.
The number of employees.
The legal rules governing businesses.

Which type of organizational story teaches employees about the company's history and values?

Personal story
Collegial story
Corporate story
Family story

Which of the following is an example of a rite?

Greeting coworkers every morning.
Weekly staff meetings.
An employee retirement celebration.
Checking email before work.

What is a ritual in an organization?

A one-time company celebration.
A routine activity that regularly occurs in the workplace.
A legal requirement.
An emergency procedure.

Which of the following is an example of an informal communication network (grapevine)?

A manager sending an official memo.
Employees discussing rumors during lunch.
A written company policy.
An annual performance review.

Which communication direction occurs when employees report information to their supervisors?

Downward communication
Horizontal communication
Upward communication
External communication

According to the chapter, one major advantage of digital media in organizations is

Eliminating all workplace conflict.
Increasing productivity and communication efficiency.
Removing the need for managers.
Preventing all misunderstandings.

Which practice helps employees communicate more effectively in organizations?

Ignoring company policies.
Using only informal communication.
Understanding the organization's culture and following appropriate communication channels.
Avoiding teamwork whenever possible.

Which statement best defines culture?

A country's government and laws.
A shared system of beliefs, values, practices, and ways of interpreting experiences.
A person's personality.
The language people speak.

According to the chapter, cultures are considered systems because

They never change.
All parts of a culture are connected and influence one another.
They only include traditions.
They exist only within countries.

Which of Hofstede's cultural dimensions describes whether people value dependence or group membership?

Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Masculinity vs. Femininity

Which cultural dimension refers to how comfortable people are with uncertainty and ambiguity?

Long-Term Orientation
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Collectivism

Which of the following is NOT a source of cultural change discussed in the chapter?

Invention
Diffusion
Communication
Competition

What is a social community (coculture)?

A group that has exactly the same beliefs as the dominant culture.
A group within a larger culture that has its own shared experiences and communication patterns.
A government organization.
A group that lives in another country.

Which communication style is most common in collectivist cultures?

High-context communication
Low-context communication
Competitive communication
Digital communication

Which communication style is most common in individualistic cultures?

High-context communication
Indirect communication only
Low-context communication
Silent communication

What is Cultural Intelligence (CQ)?

The ability to memorize facts about every culture.
The ability to understand and adapt when interacting with people from different cultures.
The ability to speak several languages.
The ability to avoid people from different cultures.

100

According to the chapter, communication and culture

Are completely separate concepts.
Influence one another continuously.
Only affect organizations.
Only affect language.

101

What is the main difference between mass media and social media?

Mass media only use the internet.
Social media allow users to create and share content, while mass media mainly broadcast information to large audiences.
Social media are only used by businesses.
Mass media require users to respond to messages.

102

What is media literacy?

The ability to memorize news articles.
The ability to create television programs.
The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and respond critically to media messages.
The ability to use social media every day.

103

Which theory states that people actively choose media to satisfy their own needs?

Cultivation Theory
Agenda-Setting Theory
Uses and Gratification Theory
Spiral of Silence Theory

104

According to Agenda-Setting Theory, the media influence people by

Controlling what people believe.
Deciding which topics receive the most attention.
Preventing people from using social media.
Eliminating opposing opinions.

105

Who is a gatekeeper?

A social media influencer.
A person who decides which information reaches the public.
Someone who repairs communication equipment.
Anyone who posts on social media.

106

According to Cultivation Theory, heavy media users may

Ignore television completely.
Develop beliefs about the world based on repeated media messages.
Stop using technology.
Become experts in journalism.

107

What is hyperconnectivity?

Avoiding technology whenever possible.
Being connected to digital communication almost all the time.
Working only from home.
Reading newspapers every morning.

108

Which statement about multitasking is supported by the chapter?

It always improves productivity.
People truly perform several tasks at exactly the same time.
Constant multitasking often reduces concentration and increases mistakes.
Multitasking has no effect on learning.

109

What is the digital divide?

The difference between television and social media.
The gap between people who have access to digital technology and those who do not.
The difference between smartphones and computers.
The separation between online and face-to-face communication.

110

Which practice demonstrates good media literacy?

Believing every post shared online.
Reading information from only one source.
Verifying information using multiple reliable sources before accepting it as true.
Sharing news immediately without checking its accuracy.

111

According to the chapter, public speaking is best described as

Reading information aloud.
A form of enlarged conversation.
Memorizing a script.
Talking without preparation.

112

What is the first step in planning a speech?

Creating visual aids.
Choosing a topic.
Practicing the conclusion.
Memorizing the introduction.

113

Which of the following is NOT one of the three general purposes of a speech?

To inform
To persuade
To entertain
To criticize

114

What is the purpose of a thesis statement?

To introduce the speaker.
To summarize the main idea of the speech in one sentence.
To list all references.
To thank the audience.

115

What is demographic audience analysis?

Studying the audience's age, education, culture, and other characteristics.
Measuring how loudly the audience speaks.
Counting how many people attend the speech.
Recording audience questions.

116

Which type of audience analysis focuses on the audience's knowledge, interest, and attitudes toward the topic?

Demographic audience analysis
Situational audience analysis
Environmental analysis
Organizational analysis

117

Why is a mind map useful when planning a speech?

It helps memorize the speech word for word.
It organizes ideas and narrows a broad topic.
It replaces research.
It creates presentation slides automatically.

118

When researching online, speakers should first check whether

The website has colorful graphics.
The information is credible, accurate, current, and unbiased.
The article is very long.
The website has advertisements.

119

Which general purpose is being used if a speaker wants the audience to change their opinion?

To entertain
To inform
To persuade
To explain

120

According to the chapter, effective public speaking depends mainly on:

Being naturally talented.
Careful planning, audience analysis, and preparation.
Speaking as quickly as possible.
Reading directly from notes.

121

Which type of research involves talking directly with an expert?

Library research
Survey research
Interview
Online research

122

Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of research discussed in the chapter?

Online research
Library research
Laboratory research
Surveys

123

What is the main purpose of evidence in a speech?

To make the speech longer.
To support the speaker's ideas and increase credibility.
To entertain the audience.
To replace research.

124

Which type of evidence uses numbers to summarize information?

Quotations
Comparisons
Statistics
Examples

125

What is a hypothetical example?

A real event from history.
A made-up but realistic example used to explain an idea.
A quotation from an expert.
A statistic from a survey.

126

Which comparison uses the words like or as?

Metaphor
Simile
Quotation
Analogy

127

What is plagiarism?

Using reliable research.
Interviewing experts.
Using another person's words or ideas without giving credit.
Quoting a source correctly.

128

According to the chapter, an effective quotation should come from

Any famous person.
A qualified and unbiased source.
A friend.
A celebrity advertisement.

129

Which of the following is considered a visual aid?

A thesis statement.
A graph.
A survey question.
A transition sentence.

130

Why should speakers use visual aids?

To replace speaking.
To make the speech longer.
To help audiences understand and remember information.
To avoid researching the topic.

131

Why is organization especially important in public speaking?

Listeners can reread the speech if they become confused.
Listeners cannot easily review what they have already heard.
Organization only matters in persuasive speeches.
Organized speeches are always shorter.

132

Which type of outline is a rough draft used only by the speaker?

Formal outline
Working outline
Key word outline
Topic outline

133

Which outline contains only important words that help the speaker remember ideas?

Formal outline
Working outline
Key word outline
Sentence outline

134

Which organizational pattern presents ideas in time order?

Comparative pattern
Spatial pattern
Temporal pattern
Problem-Solution pattern

135

Which organizational pattern explains a problem first and then proposes a solution?

Topical pattern
Spatial pattern
Problem-Solution pattern
Comparative pattern

136

Which of the following is NOT one of the four purposes of a speech introduction?

Capture attention
Present the thesis
Build credibility
Present every supporting detail

137

A good conclusion should

Introduce several new ideas.
Summarize the main points and leave a memorable final thought.
Repeat the entire speech word for word.
End without reviewing the topic.

138

Which organizational pattern compares similarities and differences between two topics?

Comparative pattern
Temporal pattern
Spatial pattern
Star pattern

139

What does the star pattern allow a speaker to do?

Eliminate the introduction.
Change the order and emphasis of points to fit different audiences.
Remove supporting evidence.
Present information only in chronological order.

140

According to the chapter, one of the best ways to reduce speech anxiety is to

Memorize every word perfectly.
Avoid practicing before the speech.
Prepare thoroughly and practice several times.
Speak as quickly as possible.

141

What is the main goal of an informative speech?

To entertain the audience
To persuade people to change
To increase listeners' knowledge and understanding
To debate controversial issues

142

Which type of speech is usually less controversial?

Persuasive speech
Informative speech
Debate speech
Motivational speech

143

Which of the following is one of the eight guidelines for informative speaking?

Hide your thesis statement
Present as much information as possible
Provide listeners with a clear thesis statement
Avoid audience participation

144

Which strategy helps listeners remember information better?

Speaking as quickly as possible
Repeating important ideas
Avoiding visual aids
Using complicated language

145

Which communication tool helps listeners learn through both seeing and hearing?

Humor
Visual aids
Memorization
Debate

146

Which audience involvement technique asks listeners to think without answering aloud?

Poll
Participation
Rhetorical question
Demonstration

147

Which of the following is NOT one of the five criteria for ethical supporting material?

Accuracy
Relevance
Popularity
Timeliness

148

Why should speakers limit the amount of information presented?

To shorten the speech
To help listeners remember the most important ideas
To avoid using evidence
To reduce preparation time

149

Which guideline encourages speakers to connect information to listeners' own experiences?

Connect with listeners' values and experiences
Increase speaking speed
Avoid personal examples
Use only statistics

150

Which of the following best describes credibility?

Speaking loudly
The audience believing the speaker is knowledgeable and trustworthy
Memorizing every word
Giving a very long speech

151

What is the main goal of a persuasive speech?

To entertain listeners
To teach only facts
To change listeners' attitudes, beliefs, or actions
To summarize information

152

Which of the following is one of Aristotle's three pillars of persuasion?

Motivation
Credibility
Ethos
Participation

153

What does pathos appeal to?

Logic
Emotions
Statistics
Organization

154

Which form of persuasion uses facts, evidence, and reasoning?

Ethos
Pathos
Logos
Credibility

155

Which type of credibility exists before the speaker begins speaking?

Terminal credibility
Derived credibility
Initial credibility
Emotional credibility

156

Which reasoning starts with specific examples and reaches a general conclusion?

Deductive reasoning
Circular reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Emotional reasoning

157

What is a claim?

Evidence supporting an argument
The speaker's main assertion
The audience's opinion
A visual aid

158

Which step comes LAST in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Need
Satisfaction
Visualization
Action

159

Which element of the Toulmin Model explains why evidence supports the claim?

Qualifier
Warrant
Rebuttal
Grounds

160

Why should persuasive speakers use rebuttals?

To repeat the introduction
To answer possible objections from listeners
To avoid using evidence
To make the speech longer

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