1A compound made from carbon atoms.
Having one or more carbon (C) atoms.
Having many hydrogen (H) atoms.
Potentially containing other elements such as Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Nitrogen (N), and halogens.
organic compound
2Consists of a positively charged, very dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons (size about 10-15m) surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons (size about 10-10m).
structure of an atom
3 An atom's diameter is about 2x10^-10 (200picometers[pm]). The unit ångström (Å) equals 10^-10m (100pm).
dimensions
4The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. All atoms of a given element share the same atomic number.
atomic number
5The total number of protons plus neutrons.
mass number
6 Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and, therefore, different mass numbers.
isotopes
7The weighted average mass in atomic mass units (amu) of an element's naturally occurring isotopes.)
atomic weight
8Describes electron energies and locations using a wave equation. The solution to this wave equation is a wave function or orbital. A plot of ψ indicates where an electron is most likely to be found.
quantum mechanics
9 Derived from hydrogen-like solutions, designated as s,p,d, and f. (s and p orbitals are the most important in organic and biological chemistry).
orbital shapes
10Spherical with the nucleus at the center.
s orbital
11Dumbbell-shaped with the nucleus at the middle. They consist of three perpendicular orbitals (px,py,pz) of equal energy, separated by a region of zero electron density called a node.
p orbital
12Elongated dumbbell-shaped with the nucleus at the center.
d orbital