Aphasia

left
peri sylvian zone

L Hemisphere CVA affecting any structures/processing in the language zones
Neurodegenerative Diseases that affect left hemisphere (PPA, FTD)
Brain Tumors
Traumatic Brain Injury

Syndrome Approach
Cognitive-Neuropsychological Approach

key part of a cognitive-neuropsychological approach
developmental approach to find discrete area of damage

most common
based on patterns of abnormal language comprehension, repetition, and expression
location determines specific aphasia syndrom

Cortical (wenicke's, broca's, ...)
Subcortical (ant capsular/putaminal...)

Fluent
Nonfluent

Anomic
Conduction
Transcortical Sensory (TCS)
Wernicke's

Transcortical Motor (TCM)
Broca's
Sev Mixed Non-Fluent
Global

Comprehensive Batteries:
Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination - 3rd Ed. (BDAE-3)
Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT)
Western Aphasia Battery- Revised (WAB-R)
Minnesota
Aphasia Diagnostic Profiles
Psycholinguistic Assessment of Language (PAL)
Pyscholinguistic Assessment Language Processing in Aphasia (PALPA)

Verbal Expression (fluency, informational content)
Auditory Comprehension
Repetition
Naming
Reading Comprehension
Written Expression

Naming -> Fluency of Verbal Expression -> Auditory Comprehension -> Repetition

Confrontational
Responsive
Divergent
Convergent
Naming in connected speech

tell me what this is

fill in the blank

name multiple things in a category
should get at least 33 words
people with aphasia have an easier time with this

name the category

pauses and fillers in speech, run on sentences

paraphasias

Lexical
Sublexical
Other

verbal - real word unrelated
semantic - real word related
formal - one letter substituted
- substitute a different word

phonemic
neologistic - unrelated sound
- sound changed

Mixed Paraphasia - combined lexical and sublexical
verbal sterotype - involuntary repeating phrases

Sequencing
- have ingredients, tell what to do

tell the plot of a familiar story

Length of Utterances
Melodic Line or Prosody

Expressive Aphasia; telgraphic speech
gramatical errors
nouns>verbs
<5 words

Global - TCM
-comprehension typically preserved

Wernicke's
Conduction
Transcortical Sensory
Anomic

Comprehension for command
Comprehension for yes/no questions

there is variabiity in performance
-able to do something in one second, not the next
-automatic speech easier than propositional speech

Impairment Based treatment
Socially oriented Approaches

evidence based intervention designed to remediate the underlying linguistic impairment

life participation approach
focus is on communicative effectiveness and participation rather than linguistic accuracy
group treatment