public speaking

moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity.

Listening is giving attention to a sound or action. When listening, a person hears what others are saying and tries to understand what it means.

the physiological process of attending to sound within one's environment

is when you build your speech or presentation around the audience's experience.

Collectivism stresses the importance of the community, while individualism is focused on the rights and concerns of each person.

Masculinity describes the degree to which society focus on assertiveness and achievement. When in contrary, femininity describes the focus of society to quality-of-life issues, such as caring for others, group solidarity and helping the less fortunate are valued

12 feet, optimal distance for speakers to be from audience

age, gender, religion, ethnic background, class, sexual orientation, occupation, education, group membership, and countless other categories

Speak with appropriate loudness and speed. Consider audience, place and topic. Use variations in speed, inflections, and force to enhance your meaning and hold audience attention. Avoid monotony.

an arguable statement—an idea that a rhetor (a speaker or writer) asks an audience to accept

Speaker Security Needs, Speaker Belongingness Needs, Speaker Self-Esteem Needs, Speaker Self-Actualization Needs.

communications in which a source integrates both positive and negative sides about a product while favoring one side to persuade the audience

a message containing arguments that solely advocate one side of an issue

assuming that because two things are alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other respect

occurs when someone makes a claim about a series of events that would lead to one major event, usually a bad event.

a clue or piece of information that is, or is intended to be, misleading or distracting.

pattern arranges the main points into two categories, problem and solution

arranges the main points sequentially according to when they happened in time

involves arranging the main points according to how they fit together, their relationships to one another, or their physical location.

broad speech topic and subdividing it into smaller topics that support that speech's main idea

Propositions of fact focus on establishing that something “is or isn't” or is “true or false.”

Propositions of value focus on persuading an audience that something is “good or bad,” “right or wrong,” or “desirable or undesirable.”

propsition of policy advocated that something “should” or “shouldnt” be done

appeals to audiences’ reason, builds logical arguments

appeals to audiences’ emotions, makes them feel emotion

appeals to speakers status, credibility, authority

outline with only key words to help keep your train of thought during a speech

Preparation outlines are designed to help you prepare and practice your speech, and are written using full-sentences.

the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.

the quality of being trusted and believed in.

the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility.

the information a person provides to develop and/or justify a idea that is offered for a listener's consideration.

the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.

the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way.

making a comparison between two things using “like” or “as”

a written text read to an audience from a paper script or teleprompter.

done without preperation

a speech that a person delivers without predetermination or preparation

special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand

a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought.

the nonlexical component of communication by speech, for example intonation, pitch and speed of speaking, hesitation noises, gesture, and facial expression.

our ability to reactivate and manipulate visual representations in the absence of the corresponding visual stimuli

exaggerated statments or claims not meant to be taken literally

the act of taking someone elses work and passing it off as your own

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

a logical fallacy that occurs when someone focuses only on evidence that supports their stance, while ignoring evidence that contradicts it.

consists of assessing the audience to make sure the information provided to them is at the appropriate level

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Anything that contains original information on a topic

interprets and analyzes primary sources

belonging to the public, not subject to copyright