1Literal (teaches history), Allegorical (what you should believe- moral teachings, meta-literary issues), Moral (what you should do), Anagogical (where we are going)
sense of scripture
2interprets events in Old Testtament history prefigurations ("types" or "figures") which find fulfillment in New Testement events; Datne does same thing from predictions of florence politics and people we meet in hell
Typology
3100 cantos: In. 1+33, Pur. 33, Para. 33
Macrostructure
4hencansyllable (11 syllable lines), terza rima (invented by dante, tecerts with alternate interlocking rhymes), 3 lines each make up 1 sentence (33 syllables)
Microstructure
5medival Italian noblewoman from Revenna; In 2nd circle of hell - the lustful- had an affair with her husbands brother after reading the tale of lancelot
Francesca
63 headed dog watches over 3rd circle of hell - gluttonous sinners; experience of a dog intent on his meal, has CONSTANT HUNGER; fills each mouth with dirt to pass
Cerberus
72 sins presented; the WRATHFUL and the SULLEN
Canto VII
8againts their: neighbors (tyrants and murderers), themselves (suicude) and agaisnt their possessions (squanderers), God (blasphemers, sodomites, userers)
Violent sinners
9rivers of hell formed by tears falling from giant old man encased in island of crete, symbolizes the course of human history; head of gold, arns and breats of silver, lower abdomen of brass, below is all iron except right foot which is clay
Old man of crete
10progresive treatment: courtesy, respect, and affection; written punishment also alot less severe than most christian docterine
Brunetto and Sodomites
11face of an innocent man, body is half reptile, half hairy beast, with a scorpion stinger at the end of his tail; symbolizes fraud and his innocent face fools onlookers; ALSO fuctions as physical transition into lowe layers of hell
geryon
128th circle of hell "evil sacks", FRAUD: panderers and seducers, flatterers, simonists, diviners astrologers and magicians, barrators, hypocrites, theives, fraudulent counselors, sowers of scandal and scism, falsifiers of metals persons coins and words
Malebolge
13refers to the sin of attempting to exchange money or favots for power or positions in the church; heads down in holes of rocks and protruding feet are burnt by flames; pope Nicholas III, Boniface ( will be here when he dies)
Simony
14The corruption of the state, devils are scary because they put on a show but not bite toward them
Barratry
15trapped in self-perpetuating cycle of being bitten and bound by serpents (like a pheonix)
fate of theieves
16clothed in flames that burn them
fraudulent counselors
17Fradulent Counselors: trapped in massive flame with Diomedes, punished for the sin of the Trojan horse (art of persuasion being punished); combination of 2 speeches to his comerads to convince them to explore and then desire for learning
Ulysses
18Fraudulent Counselors: convinced by pope boniface to give bad advice that he wanted to hear, LIED about gods word
Guido de Montefeltro
19Giants: can only speak a language that no one can understand
Nimrod
20giants: chain around his neck and bound arms
Ephialtes
21giants: unfettered and can speak, carrys dante and virgil down to the 9th and final circle of hell
Antaeus
22traitors housed here
9th circle
23traitors: immersed in ice, head bent down
agaisnt their kin
24traitors: jut out from ice, eyes sealed shut by tears
against their guests
25traitors: completely covered in ice
against their benefactors
26betrayed his own part to Ruggieri, eating the head of Archbishop Ruggieri, put in solitary confinment with his children and starved to death
Count Ugolino
273 faces, wings like a bat, bigger than the giants; chewing on Judas, Brutis, and Cassius (the greatest Traitors); his wings freeze the 9th pit and he is submerged up to the waist in the ice
Satan
28climb down satan and into the ice till they reach a center stone room and then climb to southern hemisphere
escape
29expains counter penalty
Virgil