1What is بَدَل أَخَفّ in abrogation?
A change to something lighter in sentencing; the abrogating verse is lighter than the abrogated one
2Give an example of بَدَل أَخَفّ from Surah Al-Muzzammil (M verse)
Surah Al-Muzzammil, Ayah 2 – قُمِ ٱلَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًۭا – “Stand all night except a little”
3Give an example of بَدَل أَخَفّ from Surah Al-Muzzammil (N verse)
Surah Al-Muzzammil, Ayah 20 – فَٱقْرَءُوا۟ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلْقُرْءَانِ – “Recite what is easy for you from the Qur’an”
4What changed in the widow waiting period that reflects بَدَل أَخَفّ?
It changed from 1 year (S.2 V.240) to 4 months and 10 days (S.2 V.234)
5What is بَدَل أَثْقَل in abrogation?
A change to something heavier in sentencing; the abrogating verse is stricter than the abrogated one
6What was the earlier fasting practice before Ramadan?
Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayah 183 – fasting on Ashura and 3 days a month
7What verse introduced fasting in Ramadan?
Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayah 185 – فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ ٱلشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ – “Whoever witnesses the month must fast it”
8What is بَدَل المُثْل in abrogation?
A change where the new ruling is equal in weight to the old one
9What is the example of بَدَل المُثْل related to the Qiblah?
Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayah 144 – turning the Qiblah from Al-Aqsa to the Ka’bah
10What is النَّسْخ إلى غَيْر بَدَل?
Abrogation where the previous rule is nullified without any replacement
11What did Surah Al-Mujādilah, Ayah 12 instruct believers to do?
Give charity before consulting the Prophet privately
12What did Surah Al-Mujādilah, Ayah 13 change?
It removed the charity requirement without replacing it with another rule
13What is the meaning of ناسِخ in abrogation?
The verse or ruling that comes later and abrogates the previous one
14What is the meaning of مَنسُوخ in abrogation?
The earlier verse or ruling that is cancelled or replaced
15Why was the original charity-before-consultation command lifted?
Believers were unable to do it, so Allah removed the burden and forgave them
16What does مشتق mean in this context?
Derived from a root word with a known pattern or etymology
17How many views exist under the مشتق (derived) opinion?
Three views
18What is the root of the Qur’an in the first view?
Qaaf, Raa, Noon (ق ر ن)
19What is the radical in the first view of مشتق?
قَرَنَ (Qarana), meaning to stack up or join together
20What is the evidence used in the first view of مشتق?
The Qur’an is built perfectly and each component builds upon the other
21Who supports the first view of مشتق?
Imam Abul Hasan Al Ash-harii (Imam of the first 3 generations)
22What is the second view of مشتق considered to be?
The weakest position
23What is the radical according to the second view of مشتق?
قَرَائِن (Qaraa’in), plural of قَرِينَة (Qareena), meaning links or connections
24What are the root letters in the second view of مشتق?
Qaaf, Raa, Noon (ق ر ن)
25What is the evidence in the second view of مشتق?
Divine signs are linked, and the same applies to the suwar (chapters)
26How do proponents of the second view treat the letter “nuun”?
They consider the nuun in Qaraa’in part of the radical
27Who supports the second view of مشتق?
Imam Al Farraq al Lugawhii
28What is the strongest position among the derived views?
The third view
29What are the root letters in the third view?
Hamza, Raa, Qaaf (أ ر ق)
30What is the radical in the third view?
Qara’a (قرأ) and Qari’a (قَرْيَة), meaning to read, gather, clarify
31What is the evidence used in the third view?
It uses huruf ʿillah (defective letters like و، ى، ا) and the first word revealed (Iqra’)
32What is an example of huruf ʿillah in this context?
ا، و، ى – they replace each other due to linguistic rules
33What word supports the third view from the Qur’an?
اقرأ (Iqra’) – the first revealed word
34Who supports the third view?
The majority of scholars
35What do some scholars interpret Qur’an as according to the third view?
Some say it means “reading,” others say it means “gathering”
36What does غير مشتق mean?
Primitive or non-derived (no root etymology)
37How is Qur’an treated in the غير مشتق opinion?
It is considered a proper name with no derivation
38Who supports the غير مشتق opinion?
Imam Ibn Kathir al-Makki and the scholars of Makkah
39What is the evidence for the non-derived opinion of Qur’an?
It’s like Tawrah and Injil—proper names not derived from any root
40What’s the second piece of evidence for the غير مشتق opinion?
Everyone used the name Qur’an universally; it’s instantly understood like a proper noun
41How was the Qur’an pronounced according to the Makkans?
As “Al-Quraan” without analyzing its root, simply as a name