1What factors affect the population structure of the UK?
- Ageing pop. bc low birth rates
- Lower mortality rate
- Better QOL, e.g. access to healthcare services
- Gender equality; more career-focused people
2What factors affect the population structure of India?
- Young working population bc high birth rate
- Men are seen as breadwinners
- Migration out of India into the UK
3Are there more 50+ y/o men or women and why?
Women because of the physical nature of jobs in the past which meant men died earlier.
4What is the highest age bracket in the UK and why?
50-54 year olds due to the baby boom. Population steadily declines after this.
5Describe how the UK's population structure changes.
Its population is cyclical, with years where many people are born then not.
6How is population structure presented?
through a population pyramid, which shows the age-sex makeup of a place.
7What do population pyramids show? (4)
· results of birth - deaths in specific age groups
· effect of migration
· effects of events, e.g. war, famine, disease
· indication of overall life expectancy
8Dependency ratio
The number of people reliant on people of a working age. The relationship between the working and dependent.
9How do you calculate the dependency ratio?
(% of <15s + %>65s) / (% of 15s to 65s)
10What areas does migration affect?
The population structures of both the area of origin and the area of destination.
11What are the impacts of migration on the area of origin?
o younger adults (20-34) migrate, leaving behind older pop.
o males more likely to migrate, causing indentation on their side of pop. pyramid
o birth rates fall & death rates rise
12What are the impacts of migration on the area of destination?
o proportion of younger adults (20-34) increase
o males more likely to migrate, causing expansion on that side of pyramid
o Birth rates rise and death rates fall
13What are population characteristics and cultural diversity dependent on?
- Government planning policies
- Accessibility to key cities
- Social clustering
- Physical factors
14What is an example of historical impacts as to why we get clustering?
The Slave Trade (Bristol)
15What is an example of religious impacts as to why we get clustering?
Places of worship, e.g., Hindu communities in Wembley
16What are reasons for social clustering? (6)
- history
- places of worship
- safety
- schools (e.g. religious schools)
- specialist shops (e.g. halal butchers)
- language
17Settlement patterns for 1.______ to the UK were often determined by 2.______
1. different migrant communities
2. accessibility to key cities
18What is a possible reason for why Plymouth does not have a lot of diversity?
Remote rural Britain and cities that were far from each other were not seen as desirable.
19Where were many Pakistani migrants looking for work?
In textile industries which were located in the North near Rochdale and Bradford.
20Where would migrants looking for manufacturing/engineering jobs go?
They moved near to places like Birmingham and Luton where many of the car making areas were.
21Why would early migrants cluster together?
Early migrants were often persecuted & targeted with racial abuse so clustering together made sense
22Why were remote areas unsuitable for immigrants to the UK?
Most people did not have cars when they first moved to the UK.
23Where would migrant communities often form?
Around points of entry (ports and airports).
24What does remote areas being unsuitable for immigrants mean?
Coastal and rural areas as a result still remain predominantly white today due to the physical limitations.
25How were most large migrant communities in the UK established?
Through government policies and planning.
26After WWII, where were immigrants sent to work?
- textile industries
- transport systems
- NHS
27What happened after WWII that resulted in immigration to the UK?
Severe shortages of people -> government sponsored many migrants to move to UK
28Who are the Windrush generation?
People arriving in the UK between 1950-1970 from Caribbean countries.
29Why is Newham's population increasing?
- natural increase (UK's highest general fertility rate)
- internal migration (uni students/young graduates work in knowledge economy)
- increasing international migration
30How quickly is Newham's population increasing?
at a rate of 25%