electricity

Provides the circuit with a source of potential difference

Turns the circuit on or off

The resistor limits the low of current. The fixed resistor has a resistance IR cannot change

A resistor with a slider that can be used to change its resistance. Often used in dinner switches and volume controls

The resistance depends on the temperature, as temperature increases, resistance decreases

Resistance depends on light intensity. As light intensity increases, resistance decreases

Converts electrical to mechanical

Allows current to flow in one direction only. Used to convert AC to DC

Emits light when current passes through it.

Used to measure current in circuit - connect in series

Used to measure potential difference of component - connect in parallel

E/Q or IR

The energy transferred per unit charge

The rate of flow of charge

Charge / time

In series - same at each point
In parallel - at a junction, current is conserved

In series circuits the voltage was shared between the components (in proportion of their resistance). In parallel circuits, every single component gets the full, maximum voltage.

The smaller the current

The total resistance is equal to the sum of individual resistances

Decreases because each resistor creates an extra oath for charge to flow through, allowing more charge flow overall.
do 1(x) to solve total r

If one component breaks, all will stop working
The components cannot be controlled separately

Straight line through the origin - directly proportionate
As resistance is constant

Current increases at a slower rate than potential difference.
This is because as current increases, the temperature of filament increases. The higher temp causes ions in metal to vibrate more, causing an increase in resistance as it is more difficult for free electrons to pass through. Resistance opposes the current, causing it to increase at a slower rate.

Forward bias - The diode allows current to flow in one direction only
Reverse bias - the diode has very high resistance in the reverse direction, so no current flows (unless it breaks)

There is a sharp increase in potential difference and current on one side of the graph (direction of forward bias) and a zero reading of current and potential difference on the left side.

Impossible to convey circuit diagrams as I don't have quizlet plus - revise somewhere else.

Current
Resistance (for a given current)

Electrons pass through the metal lattice and collide with ions.
The ions resist the flow of electrons
As the electrons collide, they lose some energy by giving it to the ions, which vibrate more, causing the metal to heat up
The collisions make the ions vibrate more
So the metal heats

Reduce current
Reduce resistance

P=IV

P =I^2R and P =(V^2)/R

230V

50hz

A current that is constantly flowing in the same direction in a circuit

Fixed

A current that continually changes direction, going back and forth around a circuit

Identical

A live wire
A neutral wire
An earth wire

Live - brown
Neutral - blue
Earth - green and yellow stripes

Carries alternating potential difference from the supply to appliance

Live wire

Forms the opposite end of the circuit to the live wire to complete the circuit

Live - right
Neutral - left
Earth - top

If a live wire touches the case, the case would be electrified and a risk of electrocution

It acts as a safety wire to stop the appliance from becoming live :
The earth wire provides a low resistance path to the earth
It causes a surge of current in the earth wire and the live wire also
The high current through the fuse causes it to melt and break
The supply of electricity to the appliance is cut off

It is different from a resistor

Fuses consist of glass cylinder containing a thin metal wire
If the current in the wire becomes too large
The wire heats up and melts
The wire breaks, breaking the circuit and stopping the circuit

Consists of an electromagnetic switch that breaks the circuit if current exceeds a certain value

Can be reset and used again
Works much faster

0V

0V

230V