1A bump due to the buckling of the cortex without obvious fracture line is a _____ fracture?
torus
2incomplete fracture due to bending force?
greenstick
3more than two bone fragments
comminuted
4fracture fragments remain aligned
non-displaced
5bone fragments overlap each other
overriding
6bone fragments separated due to retraction of tendons
distracted
7bone fragments at an angle
angulate
8a fracture that is angulated laterally is a
varus deformity
9a fracture that is angulated medially is
valgus deformity
10bone fragments wedge into each other
impacted
11facture that passes through abnormal bone (metastasis, bone tumor or bone cyst)
pathologic
12fracture that occurs in bone with decreased strength (from osteoporosis)
insufficiency
13fracture that occurs at a tendon or ligament insertion
avulsion
14A bump due to the buckling of the cortex without obvious fracture line is a _____ fracture?
torus
15What is first line imaging for neck and back pain?
radiographic films/plain films
AP and lateral
16When would you order flexion and extension views of the spine?
if you are worried about stability of the spine
17Do you view AP or lateral first?
lateral
18What would you use swimmers view for?
may be required to see C7-T1 if patient is short necked
19What do you use the odontoid view for?
r/o odontoid fracture
20What is best viewed on the oblique view of the spine?
pedicles
neural foramina
facet joints
21Curves for the C, T and L spine
C and L are lordotic
T is kyphotic
22Spinal cord becomes cauda equina at what vertebral level?
L1
23Disruption of the scotty dog indicates which disease?
spondylolysis
24A normal sacrum has what kind of concavity and what kind of tilt?
anterior with a posterior tilt
25What is the standard view for the pelvis?
AP
26Which developmental anomaly is defined as an form of avascular necrosis typically in boys age 5-10; may initially see sclerotic changes in femoral capital epiphysis, femoral head flattening, bone demineralization and joint space narrowing
legg-calve-perthes disease
27What are some s/s of cauda equina syndrome?
bowel and or bladder dysfunction
decreased anal sphincter tone
saddle anesthesia
lower extremity motor/sensory loss
decreased lower extremmity reflexes
b/l sciatic
28What imaging is done for cauda equina syndrome?
emergent MRI
29What are the red flags for spinal abscess?
diabetes
HIV
chemo or radiation
alcohosm
history of IVDU
history of spinal injections or sugery
local erythema or swelling
neurological change
30osteoporosis vs osteomalacia
osteoporosis is decreased bone matrix with normal mineralization
osteomalacia is normal bone matrix with decreased mineralization
31osteolytic tumors appear black or white on imaging?
black- they are radiolucent
32Osteoblastic tumors appear black or white on imaging?
white
33Osteoplastic tumors are from what kind of cancers?
prostate and breast
34In the hand which carpals should line up with which metacarpals?
1st-trapezium
2nd- trapezoid
3rd - capitate
4th and 5th- hamate
35Which carpal bones does the ulna articulate with?
none
36Which carpal bones does the radius articulate with?
scaphoid and lunate
37Which tarsal bones line up with which metatarsals?
1st metatarsal- medial cuneiform
2nd metatarsal- middle cuneiform
3rd metatarsal- lateral cuneiform
4th and 5th metatarsal- cuboid
38Which x ray view is best to see the cuboid?
oblique
39Which developmental anomaly is defined by hip pain in adolescence with out without trauma. Weakened physis leads to displacement of femoral head, premature arthritis
slipped femoral capital epiphysis
40Which developmental anomaly is defined as an form of avascular necrosis typically in boys age 5-10; may initially see sclerotic changes in femoral capital epiphysis, femoral head flattening, bone demineralization and joint space narrowing
legg-calve-perthes disease