1What are some questions that should be asked relative to dietary history?
type of food provided
number of meals and snacks provided per day
use of a special diet or formula
use of any vitamin and mineral supplements and how consistently are they given
any allergies, intolerances or avoidances
any difficulties chewing or swallowing
2When should babies start breastfeeding
within one hour
3How often should they breast feed after that?
8-12 feedings/day
4When do appetite spurts usually occur?
at 10 days, 1 month and 3 months
5What vitamins should be supplemented and when?
vitamin D- at hospital discharge
iron- at 4 months
fluoride
6How much weight do breastfed infants gain a day?
15-30 grams during the first 6 months
7What are some of the short term benefits of breastfeeding a baby?
88% lower risk of infant death in breastfed infants in resource poor contries
stimulates GI growth and motility
antimicrobial components
decreases risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preemies
prevention of ilnesses while breastfeeding
lower rates of diarrhea, respiratory tract ilnesses, otitis media and UTIs
8What are the long term benefits of breast feeding babies?
lower incidence of OM
decreased risk of obesity
decreased risk of childhood cancer, lymphoma and leukemia
decreased risk of type 1 DM
improved cognitive development in preemies
improved visual function
9What are the benefits for the mother when breastfeeding?
quicker recovery
decreased maternal stress --> decrease neglect/child abuse
lower risk of breast and ovarian cancers, CVD and T2D
less cost
10What is nutritionally beneficial for breastfeeding babies?
less protein in breast milk but it is better absorbed
less fat and more essential fatty acids
11What are some contraindications for breastfeeding?
infant has galactosemia
maternal HIV
maternal use of illicit street drug (unless mom is on supervised methadone program)
certain meds
diagnostic imaging with radiopharmaceuticals
chemo
active HSV with lesions on breast
untreated TB
active varicella
alcohol use
12What is not a CI for breastfeeding but increases babies risk of SIDS?
smoking
13How long does the mother have to be treated for TB until she can breast feed?
two weeks
14Do infants sleep better while formula feeding?
yes because formula has more food which satisfies their need for fat stores for them to be able to sleep longer
15Which formula is suitable for most infants and comes in a variety of different forms (lactose free, immune support, for spit up, kosher or organic)
cows milk protein-based
16Which formula is appropriate for infants with IgE-mediated cows milk allergy and is vegan preferred?
soy protein-based formula
17Which formula is pre-digested and appropriated for food protein induced proctocolitis or IgE mediated cows milk allergy?
extensively-hydrolyzed protein formula
18Which formula is made for severe cow's milk protein allergy and eosinophilic esophagitis?
amino acid based formulas
19What are specialty fomulas designed for?
metabolic disorders
intractable seizures requiring a keto diet
20Which type of formula requires close GI monitoring?
speciality formulas
21How many calories/oz does premature infant formula have?
22
22premature formula has more
protein
vitamins
minerals
23How long do preemies have to stay on premature formula?
until they are 40 weeks GA or longer
24When are solid food introduced to babies?
4-6 months
25Who needs vitamins?
neglected or deprived environments
anorexia or inadequate appetite
chronic illnesses that affect absorption and utlization of nutrients
consuming fad or restrictive diets
26When is a baby ready for solid foods?
good head control
ability to propel foods to the posterior pharynx for swallowing
ability to indicate a desire for food by opening their mouth and leaning forward
27How should solid foods be introduced?
single ingredient food should be given off of a spoon
28At least one feeding per day should contain...
foods rich in vitamin C to promote iron absorption
29Which foods should be discouraged? why?
sugar and salt
doesnt help with acceptance and avoidance may set lower threshold for sweet/salt later in life
30Which food should absolutely not be given due to choking hazards?
honey
31After 12 months what should be given?
2 cups whole or reduced fat milk
32What determines what kind of cows milk should be given at 12 months?
childs growth
appetite
intake of other nutrient dense foods
intake of other fat sources
potential risk for obesity and CVD
33After 24 months which type of milk should be given>
skim or low fat
34What do you worry about with excessive milk intake?
dispace desire for foods that fulfull other nutritional requirements
constipation
anemia
35What are some key issues with school age children and their diet?
inadequate intake of fruits, vegetable, calcium, vitamin D and fiver
avoid energy rich food
overconsumption of sugar sweetened food and beverages
development of a health body image
36Young kids should determine ____?
how much
37parents decide ___?
when and what
38Who needs vitamins?
neglected or deprived environments
anorexia or inadequate appetite
chronic illnesses that affect absorption and utlization of nutrients
consuming fad or restrictive diets