GLG 115 Final Exam

End-Cretacous extinction, 75-80% of all species go extinct

Overheating testes, angiosperm development, large asteroid

2 degree global temp decrease, increases volcanism and descreases sea level slowly. Slower aspect of KPG extinction

6 mile wide asteroid causes abrupt loss in layers of rock

Glass beads from molten debris in meteor impacts

"nuclear winter" caused by dust in the air kills off plant life

80% of plants, sexual reproduction with pollen and quick reproductive cycle

When two species evolve together and benefit each other, e.g. pollinators and angiosperms

Fruits, berries, nuts, hooks, burrs, and glues

Creatures with one hole behind eyeball, ancestors to ancient mammals

Mesozoic era, 225 million years ago

Multiple different teeth types, one jawbone, "live birth" sorta, mammary glands, endothermic/homeothermic, hair

Muscles in the jaw that allows precise occlusioniting, gnawing

Mammalian concept- part of the brain for compex functions. Motor control, perception, cognition.

3 bones, the hammer, anvil, and stirrup, used for hearing high-frequency airborne soundwaves like mosquitoes

Animals that birth fetuses that grow in pouches - early live birth

Animals that grow fetuses and feed them with placenta - late live birth

Mammals that lay eggs like reptiles - exception to live birth rule

Oldest known marsupial, 140 Mya

Oldest known placental mammal, 160 mya

Oldest known monotreme, 105 mya

Kills off 1/2 of mammal species, leaving only monotremes, placentals, and marsupials

Emerged at end of cretaceous, 65 mya. Warm climates in close proximal contients. Co-evolved with insects and flowering plants - Insectovorous, arboreal lifestyle

Synapomorphies, non-coding DNA, quantify amount of genetic difference, divide by age of known ancestor. Used to established splits between groups.

Lives in trees, hands built for grasping, stereoscopic vision and depth perception, larger brain with neocortex, advanced muscle coordination, flat fingernails, small litters, two mammary glands, long gestation, omnivorous teeth

Early primate ancestors, 65.9 mya. Simialr to tree shrews, nails, no steroscopic vision, variety of characteristics that align with other plesiadapiformes and primates

Represntative of early primates, 50 mya. Grasping hands/feet, nails, no steroscopic vision.

New world monkey representative, prehensile taile, sideways facing nostrils and more molars, 36 mya

Old world monkey/ape representative, no prehinsile tail, downwards facing nostrils, fewer molars