Bio 101 Lecture Exam 1

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

cellular fuels, biological membranes, steroids

chemistry

solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate

A change in which the form or appearance changes, but no new substances are formed

outermost shell of an atom

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

A group of atoms bonded together

It becomes positively charged

the bond between two oppositely charged ions

attracted to water

doesn't like water

a mixture of two or more liquids that don't normally mix

the substance that is dissolved

the sum of the mass of each element

a substance that minimizes changes in pH

neutral

-log[H+]

something that has carbon and hydrogen

macronutrients used to produce energy in the body

it is unsaturated and has a name that ends with ene

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

misfolded versions of normal protein that can cause disease

RNA

it's missing an oxygen

the possible energies that electrons in an atom can have

when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

chain of amino acids

A structure that reads mRNA and produces the right protein

Anything that has mass and takes up space

consists of multiple atoms that come together and become one super-matter

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

smallest particle of an element

protons, neutrons, electrons

control center of the cell, contains protons and electrons

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

electrons in the outermost shell

2 or more elements chemically combined, they are also always molecules

It becomes negatively charged

when it transfers an electron to another atom or molecule

when it receives an electron from another atom or molecule

an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction

charged atoms

A compound that consists of positive and negative ions

a positively charged ion

a negatively charged ion

A chemical bond formed when two or more atoms share electrons

unequal sharing of electrons

oxygen and nitrogen

when they attract more electrons

whenever you increase complexity you find properties that were not present in the lower level

a weak bond between two partially charged atoms

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

mixture of water and non dissolved materials

a mixture of a liquid and a solid

the substance in which the solute dissolves

the sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

6.02 x 10^23 of anything

a substance that release H+ ions when dissolved in water, also has a pH of less than 7

a substance that has a pH level greater than 7

OH-

power of hydrogen

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

sugars and polymers of sugars

polymers of amino acids

DNA and RNA

large organic molecules

long chain of monomers

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water

single sugars

carbohydrate macromolecules made of many sugar monomers

two monosaccharides joined together

a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

when there are no double bonds

when there is a double bond

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused carbon rings

it's an enzyme

the substance on which an enzyme acts

segment of DNA that codes for protein

DNA --> mRNA --> Protein

ribonucleic acid

DNA