Brakes, Springs, & Flywheels

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1
Tension Ratio
$\frac{F_1}{F_2}=e^{f\theta}
2
Brake Torque, and Power
$T=F_{net}r=F_{net}\frac{D}{2}$

$P=\frac{NT}{factor}
3
Net Force
$F_{net}=F_1-F_2
4
Moment at the Hinge Simple
$M_h=F_2a-F_aL=0
5
Max Pressure Brake
$P_{max}=\frac{F_1}{br}
6
Allowable Stress Brake
$S_{max}=\frac{F_1}{bt}
7
Moment at the Hinge Differential
$M_h=F_2(c)-F_1(b)-F_a(a)=0
8
Spring Index C
$C=\frac{D_m}{d_w}$
$C=\frac{D_o-d_w}{d_w}$
$C=\frac{D_i+d_w}{d_w}$
9
Mean Diameter
$D_m={D_o-d_w}$
$D_m=D_i+d_w$
$D_m=\frac{D_i+D_o}{2}
10
Wahl's Factor
$K_w=\frac{4c-1}{4c-4}+\frac{0.615}{c}
11
Shear Stres of Spring
$S_s=\frac{8K_wFc}{πd_w^2}
12
Factor for Direct Shear
$K_s=1+\frac{1}{2c}
13
Curvature Factor
$K_c=\frac{K_w}{K_s}
14
Bergstrasser Factor
$K_B=\frac{4c+2}{4c-3}$
$K_B=0.99K_w
15
Spring Deflection
$\delta=\frac{8Fc^3n}{Gd_w}
16
Plain Ends Total no. of coils, solid length, free length
$n$
$L_{solid}=(n+1)d_w$
$L_{free}=np+d_w
17
Ground Ends Total no. of coils, solid length, free length
$n$
$L_{solid}=nd_w$
$L_{free}=np
18
Squared Ends Total no. of coils, solid length, free lengt
$n+2$
$L_{solid}=(n+3)d_w$
$L_{free}=np+3d_w
19
Squared and Ground
$n+2$
$L_{solid}=(n+2)d_w$
$L_{free}=np+2d_w
20
Spring Rate (stiffness, sprint constant, spring scale)
$k=\frac{F}{\delta}
21
Springs in Series (k total, F total, deflection total)
$\frac{1}{k_T}=\frac{1}{k_1}+\frac{1}{k_2}$
$k_T=\left(\sum\frac{1}{k}\right)^{-1}$

$F_T=F_1=F_2$
$\delta_T=\delta_1+\delta_2
22
Springs in Parallel (k total, F total, deflection total)
${k_T}={k_1}+{k_2}$
$k_T=\sum{k}$

$F_T=F_1+F_2$
$\delta_T=\delta_1=\delta_2
23
Energy in Spring
$SE=\frac{1}{2}F\delta$
$SE=\frac{1}{2}k\delta^2$
24
Potential Energy Spring
$PE=w(h+\delta)
25
Kinetic Energy Spring
$KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^2
26
Leaf Spring Stress
$S=\frac{6FL}{bt^2n}
27
Leaf Spring Deflection
$\delta=\frac{SL^2}{Et}
28
Leaf Spring w/ graduated and full length leaves Stress
$S=\frac{6FL}{bt^2}\left(\frac{3}{2n_g+3n_f}\right)
29
Leaf Spring w/ graduated and full length leaves Deflection
$\delta=\frac{SL^2}{Et}\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)
30
Period
$P=2π\sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}
31
Frequency
$F=\frac{1}{2π}\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}
32
Weight Flywheel
$W_{fylwheel}=W_{rim}+W{armshub}
33
Weight of Rim
$W_{rim}=\gamma V_{rim}$
34
Specific Weight of Steel
$\gamma_{steel}=7850 \frac{kg}{m^3}=0.284\frac{lb}{in^3}
35
Kinetic Energy Flywheels
$∆KE=\frac{1}{2}m_f(v_1^2-v_2^2)$
$∆KE=\frac{1}{2}\frac{W_f}{g}(v_1^2-v_2^2)$
36
Rotational Kinetic Energy Flywheel
$KE=\frac{1}{2}I\omega²$
$KE=\frac{1}{2}mr²\omega²
37
Velocity
$v=πD_mN$
$v=2πR_mN
38
Coefficient of Fluctuation
$C_f=\frac{v_1-v_2}{v_{mean}}$
$C_f=\frac{N_1-N_2}{N_{mean}}
39
Kinetic Energy Flywheel w/ Cf
$∆KE=\frac{W_fC_f}{g}(v_m^2)
40
Punching Force
$S_{su}=\frac{F}{πDt}$
$F=S_{su}πDt
41
Punching Energy
$Energy=\frac{1}{2}(Force)(Thickness)$
$E=\frac{1}{2}S_{su}πDt^2
42
Power Flywheel
$P=\frac{Energy}{Time}
43
Punching Force, P other shape not circle
$P=\frac{Perimeter}{3}t(k)
44
Ksteel and Kbrass
$k_{steel}=80\frac{tons}{in^2}$
$k_{brass}=65\frac{tons}{in^2}
45
Punching Force Circular
$P=80dt(steel)$
$P=65dt(brass)
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