The self in the social world
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1
What is the spotlight effect?
- The tendency to compare ourselves with people who are better than us
- The tendency to adjust our behavior to social situations
- The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior than they really are
- The belief that our emotions are easily controlled
2
A student gives a presentation and accidentally mispronounces a word.
After class, they keep thinking that everyone noticed and is still thinking about it.
What concept best describes this?
After class, they keep thinking that everyone noticed and is still thinking about it.
What concept best describes this?
- Spotlight effect
- Self-serving bias
- Downward comparison
- False modesty
3
What is the illusion of transparency?
- The tendency to hide our emotions from everyone
- The belief that we are better than other people
- The belief that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others
- The tendency to compare ourselves with others
4
What are self-schemas?
- Mental templates used to organize our worlds
- The emotions we experience around other people
- Our opinions about social issues
- Our expectations about other people's behavior
5
Mark thinks of himself as athletic. Because of this, he pays more attention to sports-related experiences and remembers them more easily. What concept is illustrated?
- Self-efficacy
- False modesty
- Illusory optimism
- Self-schema
6
A student starts working as a class representative. At first, they feel awkward and self-conscious. After several months, they begin to see being a leader as part of who they are. What does this illustrate?
- Role becoming part of the self
- Impact bias
- Social comparison
- Self-serving attribution
7
Evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others is called:
- Self-serving bias
- Self-efficacy
- Social comparison
- Self-monitoring
8
Anna compares her grades with the student who always gets the highest score in class because she wants to improve. What type of comparison is this?
- Internal comparison
- Downward comparison
- Self-serving comparison
- Upward comparison
9
Which describes a downward comparison?
- Comparing yourself with someone who performs better
- Comparing yourself with your past performance
- Comparing two different groups
- Comparing yourself with someone whose troubles are more serious than your own
10
A student looks at social media and sees classmates posting vacations, achievements, and happy moments. The student begins to believe that everyone else's life is better than theirs. Which concept from the module is most relevant?
- False modesty
- Social comparison
- Self-monitoring
- Self-efficacy
11
What is the Looking-Glass Self?
- Seeing ourselves only through our own personal achievements
- Using how we think others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves
- Changing our behavior depending on the situation
- Comparing ourselves with people who are more successful
12
According to George Herbert Mead, what matters for our self-concepts is:
- The way we imagine others see us
- How others actually see us
- How successful we are
- How often we compare ourselves with others
13
Which describes an independent/autonomous self?
- Defining identity mainly through group membership
- Changing one's identity according to friends
- Giving priority to group goals
- Giving priority to one's own goals and personal attributes
14
Miguel makes an important career decision based mainly on what will benefit his extended family and places his family's goals above his own. Which concept does this best represent?
- Interdependent self
- Self-serving bias
- High self-monitoring
- Autonomous self
15
What do studies of affective forecasting suggest people have the greatest difficulty predicting?
- Their current emotions
- Other people's intelligence
- The intensity and duration of their future emotions
- Their physical appearance
16
A student believes failing one exam will make them unhappy for the entire semester. However, after a few days, they recover and continue normally. What concept explains their overestimation of the lasting emotional impact?
- Impact bias
- Spotlight effect
- Self-monitoring
- Social comparison
17
What is self-efficacy?
- How much others respect us
- How positively we view other people
- How competent and effective we feel at a task
- How much we value ourselves
18
Which statement correctly distinguishes self-efficacy from self-esteem?
- Self-efficacy concerns competence and effectiveness, while self-esteem concerns self-worth
- Self-efficacy concerns social comparison, while self-esteem concerns memory
- Self-efficacy is self-worth, while self-esteem is task competence
- Self-efficacy and self-esteem are exactly the same
19
A student receives a low grade and says, “I failed because the exam was unfair,” but when they get a high grade, they say, “I did well because I'm really smart.” What is this an example of?
- Downward comparison
- Self-serving attribution
- False modesty
- Self-monitoring
20
Carla behaves differently depending on who she is with. She changes the way she talks and acts to match what people expect from her. What concept best describes Carla?
- False modesty
- Self-handicapping
- Low self-monitor
- High self-monitor
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