1Abnormal Behavior
distorted perception of reality
inappropriate behavior (defined by culture)
discomfort for the individual
danger to self or others
2Ancient egypt
wandering uterus (uterus spiritually wanders off)
3Ancient Greece
Imbalance in the humors - bodily fluids are out of balance (4 of them)
4Ancient Chinese
Imbalance in yin and yang (good and bad, imbalance causes problems)
5Other cultures
demonic possession
6Beginning in late middle ages
seen as an illness and locked up in asylums
beat into good health
7Victorian era (late 1800s)
first real treatments - psychological treatment for mental illness/abnormal behavior
a) freud
820th century
biopsychosocial perspective adopted by most
treatment through psychological and biological means
9Stress
any situation that is threatening and requires adaptation of some kind
10types of stress
Distress - bad stress
Eutress - good stress (excitement)
Stress is at it's worst when anticipatory
amount of cahnge/adaptation determines amound of stress felt
11Avoidance gradient
closer you get to what causes stress - stress increases
12Approach gradient
closer you get to event that causes stress - excitement increases
13Social readjustment rating scale
100 rating scale of top stressors
14Hassles
ongoing state of discontent
causing distress and not going away any time soon
15Pressure
need to hurry or improve
often self-induced as well as societal
can help as well as hurt
16Frustration
prevented from achieving goal
17Conflict
faced with meeting 2 incompatible requirements
approach/approach, approach/avoidance, avoidance/avoidance
18approach/approach
two or mroe things that you want to do but you have to choose
19Approach/avoidance
something you want to do but there is a downside to it
20Avoidance/avoidance
two things that you have to do, despite not wanting to do them, but you have to choose
21Direct coping
facing problem head on/confrontation
compromise, tact
22Defensive coping
withdrawal, aggression, submission, defense mechanisms (unconscious ways of dealing with stress)
23Defense mechanisms
repression
regression
displacement (socially unacceptable)
projection
sublimation (acceptable)
identification (act like who you want to be)
24Ways of combating stress
keep journal
identify stressors (metacognition - awareness of thoughts and feelings)
list possible ways to overcome stressors
evaluate your plans for combating stress
take breaks from things
talk about problems - intimacy
exercise
25Hans Seyle's stages of stress
Alarm - state of shock, just hit with stressor (research paper in one week)
Resistance - don't fight task, try to do it (working to get it done)
Exhaustion - burn out, stress beat you down
26Prolonged/Chronic stress
organs work harder when stressed (heart disease)
immune system weakens