Sociology test 1

Anthropology, psychology, human geography, economics, political science, history

Functionalism, conflict perspective, symbolic interactionalism

the approach that emphasizes the contributions made by each part of society.

intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society.

unintended and unrecognized consequences of an aspect of society. Can be positive or negative.

Approach emphasizing conflict, competition, change, and constraint within a society.

the ability to control others against their will.

approach that focuses on the interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols

something that stands for something else and has an agreed upon meaning attached to it.

ideas about the nature of reality

a subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture.

the ways in which a culture expresses a universal trait

general traits that exist in all cultures

knowledge, values, language, customs, and physical objects that make up society

impulse to reduce discomfort

judging others in terms of ones own cultural standards’

norms that lack moral significance

sanctions imposed by persons given special authority

cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept

rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group.

unlearned patterns of behavior

a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials

the concrete tangible objects of a culture

norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society

automatic reaction of physical stimulus

groupings of people who share a social characteristic

a specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture

a group that is part of the dominant culture but differs from it in some important aspect

a rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment

the capacity of one variable to influence the other

a measure of how closely one thing is related to another

pos - as one goes up so does the other
neg - as one goes up the other goes down

the factor researchers manipulate to determine its effect

depends on the independent variable