1Political socialization
The lifelong process by which individuals learn, internalize, and develop their political values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors
2The nature of political socialization is
cumulative and is developed during childhood through young adulthood
3Primary agents of socialation
Family, school, friends, (sometimes media)
4The concept of ideology
A general belief about the role and purpose of government
5Identity politics
Basing concerns and political alignment on group identity
6Dramatic shifts in party identification typically occur after:
severe economic crises, major wars, or sweeping social and cultural movements that challenge existing political structures.
7What a representative might use to gauge constituency opinion on an issue
Public opinon polls or tracking & benchmark polls
8Factors that affect polling accuracy:
Sample size and sampling error; respondent familiarity with issues; social desirability bias / giving the “correct” rather than true response
915th Amendment
(black people can vote) Denying a US citizen's right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
1019th Amendment
Gave woman the right to vote
1124th Amendment
Got rid of poll taxes
1226th Amendment
Lowered the voting age to 18
13What is the white primary and what Supreme Court Case ended it?
A primary election held in the South where only white voters could participate. Smith v. Allwright ended the white primaries.
14Motor Voter Law:
1993, Allows American citizens to register to vote when they are issued a driver’s license. Intended to boost the number of Americans who register,
15Age group with the lowest voter turnout:
18-25
16Age group with the highest voter turnout:
65+
17Race group with the highest voter turnout:
White
18Race group with the lowest voter turnout:
Hispanic
19Voter Registration Requirments
Form of ID
20Distinctive features of U.S. elections compared with other democracies
Frequency, voters vote for party representatives
21Linkage Instiutions
Parties, they act as the link between politicians and the public
22Federalist 10
James Madison warning against the formation of factions, stating that the best defense is a well constructed republic
23Washington's Farewell Adress
1796, he warned the nation that political factions would tear the country apart
24Key Conflict that gave rise to factions:
Federal vs State's Rights and Slavery
25Candidate-Centered Campaigns
Focus on the individual candidate's image, message, and fundraising rather than on the political party.
26Party-Centered Campaigns
are driven by political parties
27Occupy Wall Street
was a left-wing populist protest movement against economic inequality, corporate greed, and the influence of money in politics.
28Media Framing
the process by which news outlets, advertisers, and content creators select, emphasize, and organize certain aspects of reality while downplaying or omitting others
29Yellow Journalism
a style of news reporting that relies on sensationalism, exaggerated claims, dramatic headlines, and unverified stories rather than well-researched facts.
30FCC authority
regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, cable, and the internet across the US
31The Fairness Doctrine
was a policy of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), introduced in 1949, that required licensed radio and television broadcasters to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a fair and balanced manner.
32Watchdog Role
"Fourth Branch of Government" Keeps the people in power in check
33Signaling
Alerts the public when important things happen
34Common-carrier
Acts as an open conduit or neutral intermediary that facilitates communication between government officials, political candidates, and the public.