APUSH-Key concept Week 1

The pope divided the territories of the New World.Spain recieved land west of the line and Portugal got the land to the east

Economic policy that maximizes a country's export and tries to minimize it's imports.It promotes imperialism and colonialism

Passed in Maryland by Lord Baltimore, it guaranteed toleration to all christians,especially cathlics,but decreed the death penalty for those who denied jesus christ.

Heretics who spoke out against the practices of the Puritan
Church, and challenged the authority of clergy. Williams established religious tolerance in Rhode
Island.

1607 First English settlement in North America. Was almost a failure. Under military
style rule of John Smith.

group within the Puritans who advocated total withdrawal from Church of
England and wanted the freedom to worship independently from English authority.

Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. He envisioned the
colony as a "city upon a hill.

signed by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620. They
pledged their allegiance to King James, and established a government with the authority
to enact their own laws.

Led by Nathaniel Bacon. Uprising of Virginians against Governor
Berkley. Farmers burned down Jamestown because of Berkley’s lack action against
Indian attacks.

stock was sold to high net-worth investors who
provided CAPITAL and had limited RISK

50 acres of land called “headrights” were offered to settlers who
would come and work the land. Most popular in the southern colonies.

Stated that the colonists did not need to elect their own
representatives to Parliament, because Parliament already represented everyone in the
British Empire.

The head of state is elected by the people and will serve the will of the
people.

Separated the powers of government into three separate
branches to limit the power of each branch. Led to the system of checks and balances.

Opposed a strong central government. Wanted stronger state’s rights,
insisted on Bill of Rights, usually smaller farmers; included Jefferson and Monroe

Supported a strong central government, advocated the ratification of the
new constitution, usually wealthy; included Hamilton.

Passed by Adams. Increased the waiting period to become a
citizen from 5 to 14 years, gave the president power to arrest/deport dangerous aliens,
and made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal gov

Kentucky and Virginia stated the Alien and Sedition
Acts were unconstitutional. Resolutions said the states had the right to declare
unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution.

A one-house legislature in which all states had equal representation.
This plan favored small states.

A legislature of two houses; the lower house would be represented by
population, and the upper house had equal representation. This idea favored larger
states.

Called for a two house legislature; the lower house
representatives would be based on population and the upper house states would be
represented equally.

Determined that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a
person for the purpose of taxes and representation. This gave more political power to
Southern slave states.

Uprising of Western Pennsylvania farmers in response
to Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey. Washington and federal government
were able to suppress the rebellion

Established judicial review.
Supreme Court has the power to determine constitutionality of laws;
strengthened the judiciary branch

Henry Clay proposed a tariff to protect American
industry, as well as establish internal improvements in public schools, moral
reforms, abolition of Slavery, prison reforms, better roads/canals

Led by President Andrew Jackson, championed
greater rights for the common man.

Ideology that favors native-born or long-term resident individuals
in the US at the expense of immigrants

Belief that women were to provide religious and moral instruction in
the homes and avoid the rough world of politics and business. Women should be
submissive to their husband.

\Philosophy by Ralph Waldo Emerson- each person has direct
communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches.
Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and emphasized emotions.

A devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of
the country as a whole. Ultimately led to the Civil War.

US political group fueled by the fears that the country
was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants. Goal-block
immigration. Had little success.

1830 authorized Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with
tribes living east of the Mississippi. Forced the emigration of thousands of Natives to the
West.

Supreme Court ruled Native nations were distinct,
independent, political communities outside the reach of the gov. Jackson,
refused to acknowledge the ruling and forcibly removed Cherokees from their
territory.

first labor-oriented political organization. Made up of
craftsmen. “Workies” wanted universal male suffrage, equal educational
opportunities, and shorter working hours.

Elected official would give government jobs to their
supporters/friends/family. Opposite of a merit system. Jackson uses this.

AKA Tariff of Abominations was designed to protect US industry
from cheaper British goods. Led to the Nullification Crisis.

Believed the Tariff of 1828 as damaging to their economy.
Calhoun drafted the South Carolina Exposition, that declared the tariffs were
unconstitutional. Heightened sectionalism.

Political party formed to oppose Jackson and the Democrats. Stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

The US was destined by God to spread democratic institutions and liberty from Atlantic to the Pacific. This justified President Polk’s expansionist program.

- Proposal by Representative Wilmont of PA to ban slavery in territory acquired from the Mexican War. Increased sectionalism. Passed in the House, but defeated in the Senate.

Territories have the right to decide whether slavery will be permitted in their land. Led to a divisive debate over the expansion of slavery into the western territories.

Laws passed by Southern states denying all blacks their civil rights. These were meant to RESTRICT blacks.

derisive name given by ex-Confederates to Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction. Moved south for financial and political gains

derisive name given to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction. Viewed as betraying their “Southern heritage”.

White Southern political leaders who claimed to “redeem” or save the South from Republican domination. Supported diversified economic growth and white supremacy.

System of racial segregation in the South lasting from the end of Reconstruction until the 1960s. “Separate but equal” laws. Example- schools, buses, water fountains, etc.

Radical abolitionist who favored immediate emancipation of slaves. Published a newspaper The Liberator- for radical abolitionists in the north