CELL PHYSIOLOGY
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1
Homogenous mixture of two or more components
Solution
2
Substance present in the greatest amount
Solvent
3
Out of the cell
Exocytosis
4
Body's main solvent
Water
5
Substances dissolved in the solvent and present in smaller amounts
Solutes
6
What is the composition of intracellular fluid?
Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and salts
7
Bathes cells
Extracellular/Interstitial fluid
8
What is the extracellular/interstitial fluid composed of?
Nutrients (amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins), hormones and neurotransmitters, salts, waste products
9
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable
True
10
In damaged or dead cells, selective permeability is lost
True
11
A membrane transport that does not require ATP
Passive transport
12
A membrane transport that requires ATP
Active transport
13
Diffusion
Passive transport
14
Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration
Diffusion
15
Factors affecting diffusion
Greater concentration difference, smaller molecules, higher temperature
16
A type of diffusion where no transport protein is needed
Simple diffusion
17
Simple diffusion is for lipid-soluble substances such as:
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, fats, fat-soluble vitamins
18
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a - membrane
Selectively permeable
19
In osmosis, water passes through water channels called
Aquaporins
20
Water moves from high water concentration to low water concentration
Osmosis
21
Requires membrane proteins but no ATP
Facilitated diffusion
22
Facilitated diffusion is used by substances that are too large, charged, and lipid-insoluble
True
23
Facilitated diffusion uses:
Protein channels, carrier proteins
24
Movement of water and solutes through a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure
Filtration
25
Filtration is driven by:
Pressure gradient
26
Solute pumping uses carrier proteins called
Solute pumps
27
What energizes solute pump?
ATP
28
Solute pumping commonly transports:
Amino acids, sugars, ions
29
Range of concentration in solute pumping
Low to high concentration
30
Explain what happens in sodium-potassium pump
Pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell
31
Sodium-potassium pump requires:
ATP and phosporylation
32
Sodium-potassium pump is essential for:
Nerve impulse transmission, maintaining cellular ion balance
33
Moves large quantities of substances using membrane-bound vesicles
Vehicular transport
34
Steps in exocytosis
Substances packaged into the cell, vesicle moves to plasma membrane, vesicle fuses with membrane, contents released outside the cell
35
Endocytosis
Into the cell
36
A type of endocytosis; "cell eating"
Phagocytosis
37
Phagocytosis uses pseudopods
True
38
Phagocytosis is performed by
Macrophages and other white blood cells
39
Function of phagocytosis
Defense and cleanup
40
Type of endocytosis; "cell drinking"
Pinocytosis
41
Pinocytosis is common in most cells
True
42
Uptake of extracellular fluid and dissolved substances
Pinocytosis
43
Type of endocytosis; Highly selective process; Receptors bind specific target molecules
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
44
Examples of substances taken up by endocytosis
Cholesterol, iron, hormones, enzymes
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