1Astrocytes
Connect blood vessels to neurons
2Autonomic nervous system
Controls the involuntary nerves and smooth muscles
3Axon
Long fibers that conduct information away from cell body
4Cell body
Contains the nucleus and other cell organelles
5Central nervous system
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
6Dendrite
Receives information
7Microglial cell
Control immune function; kills bacteria, digests debris (CNS)
8Myelin sheath
Insulation around axon
9Ependymal cells
Form surface layer of membrane surrounding spinal cord and brain:
produces cerebrospinal fluid
10Nodes of ranvier
Gaps in the insulation of the axon
11Oligodendrocytes
Make the myelin sheath around the axons in CNS
12Parasympathetic
For rest and digestion (calming)
13Peripheral nervous system
Contains the ganglia and nerves throughout the body
14Schwann cells
Form myelin sheath around axons in PNS
15Somatic nervous system
Controls the skeletal and voluntary nerves
16Sympathetic
Controls fight or flight (stress)
17Carries nervous impulses toward skeletal muscles
Somatic nervous system
18Sensory division
Carries nervous impulses from receptors toward the central
nervous system
19Motor division
Carries nervous impulses from the central nervous system
toward effectors(organs, muscles, and glands)
Carries nervous impulses toward smooth muscles, cardiac
20muscles, and glands
Autonomic nervous system
Sends information from different areas of your body back to your brain, as well as carrying commands from your brain
21to various parts of your body
Peripheral nervous system
22Central nervous system
Responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory data and motor commands
23A (thinner or thicker) axon conducts impulses faster
Thicker
24(Myelinated or unmyelinated) axons conducts impulses faster
Myelinated
25The outside of most cell membranes is ______ compared to the inside of the cell membrane.
Positive
26Resting membrane potential
Difference across the membrane of an unstimulated cell
27Higher concentration outside the cell membrane
Sodium ions
28Higher concentration inside the cell membrane
Potassium ions
29Sodium-potassium pump
Actively transports ions
30Ion channels
Method of transporting sodium/potassium, formed by proteins hat extend across the cell membrane
31Because they respond to stimulation, muscle and nerve cells are said to be ______
Excitable
32When a stimulus is applied to a nerve cell or muscle cell, some sodium ion channels open and ______ diffuse quickly into the cell.
Sodium ions
33Depolarization
Inside of the cell becomes more positive
34Local potential
Result of depolarization
35Threshold
Causes more sodium channels to open, the inside of the cell membrane becoming positive
36When sodium channels open, the inside of the cell membrane becomes ______
Positive
37Repolarization
When sodium ion channels close and more potassium ion channels open, returning to resting membrane potential
38Action potential
Charge reversal and return to its resting level
39Preganglionic neuron
First neuron in an autonomic pathway
40Autonomic ganglion
Location where preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons
41Presynaptic terminal
Axon end that interacts with other neurons or effector organs
42Postsynaptic membrane
Membrane of the dendrite or effector cell.
43Synaptic cleft
Space separating the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane.