1What kind of traits are used to make a cladogram?
Morphology, behavior, palentology, development, molecular
2vertical order of lineage is
arbitrary
3What is the enzyme that is responsible for all-new mutations?
DNA Polymerase
4Homologous
Two traits that appear similar due to the common ancestor (human arms and bird wings)
5Convergence (homoplasy)
Two similar traits that are not present in the common ancestor but due to environment
6Apomorphic
Newly appearing trait (derived), not shared by one group
7Synapomorphic
A derived trait shared by two species (lungs)
8Analogous Features
similar structures in unrelated organisms
9Sister Group
Two species that split from the same node
10Snowball Earth
Ancient glaciers which prevented small cells from growing and encouraged larger cells to grow
11What conditions favored the evolution of large multicellular groups?
The end of widespread glaciation and sufficiently high atmospheric oxygen levels
12Phaneozoic Eon
First land animals, first land plants
13Ordovician Period
brachiopods, mollusks, vertebrates, and spores
14Archaen
Origin of Life (LUCA)
15Between Archaen and Proterozoic
Origin of photosynthesis
16Proterozoic
First cyanobacteria, eukaryotes
17Time period called before Phanerozoic eon?
Precambrian
18Why was the Great Oxygenation called a pollution crisis?
Cyanobacteria and photosynthesizing led to the decline of anaerobic life
19Silurian Period
First vascular plants, marine life (jaws and fins), land arthropods
20When did the first vascular plants appear?
Between Ordovician and Sillurian (480 - 434 Ma)
21Devonian Period
appearance of soil and forests, seeds, first land vertebrates, age of fishes (ray fin)
22Carboniferous Period
Age of Amphibians/Insects, Swamps and coal forests, flight, AMNIOTES
23Permian Period
Insect radiation, giant amphibians, ancestors of reptiles (sauropsids) and mammals (synapsids)
24When did the greatest mass extinction happen?
Near the end of the Permian period
25When was the age of reptiles?
Mesozoic, triassic, jurassic, cretaceous
26Cenozoic era
Radiation of mammals, flowering plants
27Legumes
bacteria synopsis makes nitrogen available
28First mass extinction?
Between Ordovician and Sillurian (Glacier)
29Second mass extinction?
Denovian period
30Third mass extinction?
End-Permian
31Fourth Mass extinction?
Between Triassic and Jurassic
32Fifth Mass Extinction?
K/T boundry (between Cretaceous and Tertiary)
33When was the great oxygenation event?
End of protozeroic