Phylo and Timeline
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1
What kind of traits are used to make a cladogram?
Morphology, behavior, palentology, development, molecular
2
vertical order of lineage is
arbitrary
3
What is the enzyme that is responsible for all-new mutations?
DNA Polymerase
4
Homologous
Two traits that appear similar due to the common ancestor (human arms and bird wings)
5
Convergence (homoplasy)
Two similar traits that are not present in the common ancestor but due to environment
6
Apomorphic
Newly appearing trait (derived), not shared by one group
7
Synapomorphic
A derived trait shared by two species (lungs)
8
Analogous Features
similar structures in unrelated organisms
9
Sister Group
Two species that split from the same node
10
Snowball Earth
Ancient glaciers which prevented small cells from growing and encouraged larger cells to grow
11
What conditions favored the evolution of large multicellular groups?
The end of widespread glaciation and sufficiently high atmospheric oxygen levels
12
Phaneozoic Eon
First land animals, first land plants
13
Ordovician Period
brachiopods, mollusks, vertebrates, and spores
14
Archaen
Origin of Life (LUCA)
15
Between Archaen and Proterozoic
Origin of photosynthesis
16
Proterozoic
First cyanobacteria, eukaryotes
17
Time period called before Phanerozoic eon?
Precambrian
18
Why was the Great Oxygenation called a pollution crisis?
Cyanobacteria and photosynthesizing led to the decline of anaerobic life
19
Silurian Period
First vascular plants, marine life (jaws and fins), land arthropods
20
When did the first vascular plants appear?
Between Ordovician and Sillurian (480 - 434 Ma)
21
Devonian Period
appearance of soil and forests, seeds, first land vertebrates, age of fishes (ray fin)
22
Carboniferous Period
Age of Amphibians/Insects, Swamps and coal forests, flight, AMNIOTES
23
Permian Period
Insect radiation, giant amphibians, ancestors of reptiles (sauropsids) and mammals (synapsids)
24
When did the greatest mass extinction happen?
Near the end of the Permian period
25
When was the age of reptiles?
Mesozoic, triassic, jurassic, cretaceous
26
Cenozoic era
Radiation of mammals, flowering plants
27
Legumes
bacteria synopsis makes nitrogen available
28
First mass extinction?
Between Ordovician and Sillurian (Glacier)
29
Second mass extinction?
Denovian period
30
Third mass extinction?
End-Permian
31
Fourth Mass extinction?
Between Triassic and Jurassic
32
Fifth Mass Extinction?
K/T boundry (between Cretaceous and Tertiary)
33
When was the great oxygenation event?
End of protozeroic
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