1Memory
process by which we recall experiences, information, and skills
2Episodic memory
Recall of a vivid, specific event
3Semantic Encoding
Encoding of meaning.
4encoding
the first process of memory; the translation of information into a form for future use
5storage
second process of memory; makes memories available for future use
6retrieval
third memory process; locates stored information and returns it to conscious thought
7rehearsal
repeated repetition of information to help the learning process
8elaborative rehearsal
the process of relating new information to what you already know well.
9context dependent memory
The enhanced ability to retrieve information when you are in an environment similar to the one in which you encoded the information.
10state-dependent memory
best retrieved when a person is in the same mood as when memories were stored.
11sensory memory
first stage of information storage -- the immediate, initial recording of data
12short-term memory
sometime called working memory -- when information is stored for 10-12 seconds
13long-term memory
memory stored more than briefly and encoded through rehearsal
14echoic memory
mental sensory register of mental traces of sound
15iconic memory
sensory register of accurate, photographic images
16chunking
organization of items into familiar or manageable units
17mnemonic devices
a sentence or acronym that helps us to memorize a string of words.
18Explicit Memory
The memory of facts and experiences
19automatic processing
the unconscious and effortless process of encoding information such as space, time, and frequency.
20Effortful processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
21serial position effect
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list more easily.
22Flashbulb memory
A vivid, clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
23Recall
Retrieval in which you must search for information that you previously stored.
24Recognition
Retrieval in which you must identify items you learned earlier
25Herman Ebbinghaus
German philosopher who conducted pioneering memory studies.
26Proactive interference
When an older memory disrupts the recall of a new memory.
27Retroactive interference
When a more recent memory disrupts the recall of an older memory.
28Repression
The process of moving anxiety-producing memories to the unconscious mind. Freud psychoanalytic theory.
29Misinformation effect
Incorporating information into a memory or event.
30Elizabeth Loftus
Research who established the construction of memory
32retrogradeamnesia
loss of memory prior to brain injury
33anterograde amnesia
an inability to form new memories
34procedural memory
A type of long-term memory of how to perform different actions and skills. Essentially, it is the memory of how to do certain things.
35recency effect
tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well
36primacy effect
tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well