Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012)

Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012.

Accessing all or part of a computer system without right.

Intercepting without right nonpublic transmissions of computer data by technical means under the statutory conditions.

Intentionally or recklessly altering, damaging, deleting, or deteriorating computer data or electronic documents without right, including introducing or transmitting viruses.

Intentionally altering or recklessly hindering or interfering with a computer or network's functioning through prohibited manipulation of data or programs.

Unlawfully producing, obtaining, selling, distributing, or possessing specified devices, programs, passwords, or access codes with the required criminal intent.

Acquiring a domain name in bad faith to profit, mislead, destroy reputation, or deprive another of registration, under statutory conditions.

Unlawfully inputting, altering, or deleting computer data to produce inauthentic data intended to be treated as authentic.

Unlawfully manipulating computer data or systems with fraudulent intent and causing damage under the statutory elements.

Intentionally acquiring, using, misusing, transferring, possessing, altering, or deleting another's identifying information without right.

Willfully engaging in, maintaining, controlling, or operating a lascivious exhibition of sexual organs or activity through a computer system for favor or consideration.

Libel as defined by the Revised Penal Code committed through a computer system or similar means covered by RA 10175.

The Supreme Court upheld some cybercrime provisions and invalidated or limited others on constitutional grounds.

It provides judicial authorization for specified digital-evidence actions within lawful scope and conditions.

Data Privacy Act of 2012.

The National Privacy Commission (NPC).

Information from which an individual's identity is apparent or can reasonably and directly be ascertained, or identified when combined with other information.

Personal information in specially protected categories defined by the statute, including certain health, education, and government-issued records.

Transparency, legitimate purpose, and proportionality.

A person or organization controlling the collection, holding, processing, or use of personal information, subject to statutory exclusions.

A person or organization processing personal data on behalf of a personal information controller.

No. Processing may also be lawful under other grounds specified by RA 10173.

Processing personal or sensitive personal information without consent or another lawful basis under the statute.

A security incident involving unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, destruction, or loss of personal data under applicable privacy rules.

Anti-Hazing Act of 2018.

Republic Act No. 8049, the Anti-Hazing Act of 1995.

An initiation practice causing physical or psychological suffering, harm, or injury as a requirement for admission or continued membership in an organization.

No. Consent does not excuse prohibited hazing.

Yes. The statute covers qualifying psychological as well as physical harm.

Hazing is prohibited, subject to the law's definitions and expressly excluded activities.

Yes, when the specific statutory conditions for their liability are established.

Anti-Torture Act of 2009.

An intentional act inflicting severe physical or mental pain or suffering for a prohibited purpose by, at the instigation of, or with the consent or acquiescence of a person in authority or agent.

Intentional infliction of severe physical pain or suffering through acts covered by RA 9745.

Intentional infliction of severe mental or psychological pain or suffering through prohibited methods.

No. Exceptional circumstances cannot justify torture under RA 9745.

No. An order from a superior officer or public authority cannot justify torture.

They are generally inadmissible against the tortured person, subject to the statutory exception for proceedings against a person accused of torture.

To respect the person's rights and refrain from torture and other prohibited treatment.

Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020.

Republic Act No. 9372, the Human Security Act of 2007.

Commission of an enumerated serious act with a prohibited terrorist purpose under the statute.

No. Such conduct is excluded unless it falls within the statute's qualifying terrorism provisions.

The government body assigned specified coordination, designation, and policy functions under RA 11479.

To issue the judicial authorization required for surveillance under the statute's conditions.

Fourteen calendar days, subject to the statute's requirements.

Up to ten additional calendar days when statutory conditions are satisfied.

No. Detention is subject to statutory requirements, rights, and oversight.

Terrorism requires the particular prohibited purpose and other elements defined by RA 11479.

Criminal liability must rest on a valid law and proof of its elements, consistent with due process and constitutional protections.