Romanesque

In A.D. 476, the Fall of the ____ marked the end of Roman rule in Western Europe.

they began constructing churches almost entirely from ____

The election of the first Frankish ____ (A.D. 799) as Holy Roman Emperor marks the beginning of a new era. (Romanesque period)

Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor on ___ 800 A.D. He encouraged the building of churches and monasteries using masonry.

From Carolus, latin for Charles

Lords divided their lands into estates called fiefs, all nobles were vassals to the King

Given to vassals in return for loyalty and military support

Were a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by western Christian Europe

What was the objective of The Crusades? What was its effect?

_____ a French knight, leader of the First Crusade and founder of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

THREE MAIN ARCHITECTONICAL TYPOLOGIES

What was the Romanesque Architecture's system of construction?

Its churches had ___ and ____ cross plans

Churches faced the _____

How many levels did the churches consists of?

First floor of the church had?

Second floor consisted of?

Area of windows opening to the outside

Characterized by corbelleza arches at the cornice, one series

is called “corbel table” or “blind arch”

Introduced of wheel window

Openings: The recessed plane of door jambs also called as the ____

Roofs used the ___ which is normally found at the intersection of the nave and transept. Use of ___ can also be seen.

The simplest type of vaulted roof in which a single arched surface extends from wall to wall, the length of the space to be vaulted.

Is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults

Not only are there ___ spanning the vaulted area transversely, but each vaulted bay has diagonal ___

Used variation of the Corinthian and the Ionic capital. Developed the cushion or cubiforal type and the scalloped capital.

The twisted shaft of the Ionic capital is called

The moldings were usually in ___ elaborately carved

Principal _____ were fresco paintings
•Characteristic _____ in
sculpture, carvings and
fresco painting usually:
•Vegetable
•Animal forms

A ____ is a decorative blind arcade, usually exterior. Below

_____ round chapels around the ambulatory.

The creation of the _____ helped to accommodate the growing number of pilgrims. In this arrangement, the aisles flanking were extended alongside the sanctuary and around the apse. Small relic niche shrines radiated out from this ambulatory facilitating the flow of pilgrims.

Types of Round Arch

A round arch whose intrados is a full semicircle.

a shallow arch; an arch that is less than a semicircle

An arch whose curve begins above the impost line.

also called the Moorish arch and the Keyhole arch

A capital which is decorated with figures of animals, birds, or humans, used either alone or combined with foliage. The ___ need not have any meaning, although they may be symbolic or part of a narrative sequence. Historiated capitals were most commonly used in the Romanesque from the late eleventh to mid- twelfth centuries.

is the
monumental, west-facing
entrance section of a
Carolingian, Ottonian, or
Romanesque church. The
exterior consists of multiple
stories between two towers.

A space, area or separate buildin of a church or cathedral, containing a font where baptism takes place.

Bell tower, freestanding or attached to a building.

A cemetery surrounded by a colonnade.

The Tower is 58.36 meters high from the foundation and 55 from the ground.

Its weight has been calculated at 14,453 tones.

The tower has an exterior dimension of 19.58 meters, with a central aperture of 4.5 meters.

circular plan with central space/nave 18.3 m in diameter separated by four piers and eight columns from the surrounding two storied aisle, which makes the building nearly 39.3 m in diameter

Tragically, the extensive frescoes of the _____ were almost completely destroyed by a bombing raid during World War II.

On July 27, 1944, American warplanes launched a major air attack against Pisa, which was still held by the Nazis. The wooden roof caught fire, its lead panels melted and the hot metal ran all over the frescoes.

Many were completely destroyed and the few that remained were badly damaged.

The ______ has since been fully restored and most of the surviving frescoes, along with preparatory sketches (sinopie) found underneath, have been moved to the Museo delle Sinopie in Pisa

Pertaining to the pre- and early Romanesque art and Byzantine- influenced architecture in France.

A community of monks overseen by an abbot, or of nuns by an abbess; also the main buildings of this community.

responded to a fragmented and often dangerous medieval world by
emphasizing permanence, protection, and spiritual instruction through massive stone construction and sculptural
decoration.