1“boracic acid”, “sal sedativum”
Boric acid
2Toxic when ingested
Boric acid
3Absorbed in broken skin
Boric Acid
4• Buffer in ophthalmic preparation
• Tonicity adjusting agent
Boric Acid
5E-VALUE of Boric Acid
0.52
7Eyewash percent of Boric Acid
2.45% to 2.5%
8Suppository base
Boroglycerin glycerite
10Sodium tetraborate and eyewash
Sodium borate
11astringent or antiseptic
wash for throat and nose
Dobell’s Solution
12Component of cold cream
Sodium Borate
13Buffers
(1)Phosphate Buffer System
(2)Borate Buffer System
14Example of Phosphate Buffer System
Sorensen phosphate buffer system
15Has the advantage of containing the dihydrogen and
monohydrogen phosphate ions, one of the
physiological buffer pairs normally found in the body
Phosphate Buffer System
16– insolubility of the phosphate salts of such metals
such as Ag, Zn and Al
– it supports microbial growth
Disadvantage of Phosphate Buffer System
17has been used in preparations
containing metals that would otherwise precipitate in
the presence of phosphate
Borate Buffer System
18Since BORATES ARE TOXIC, these buffer system
are suitable in
external preparations, ophthalmic and
nasal solutions
19consists of
solution containing boric acid, sodium chloride (to
make it isotonic) and the alkaline solution
containing sodium borate
Feldman’s Buffer System (pH 7-8.2)
20consists of alkaline solution of sodium carbonate
and acid buffer solution of boric acid and sodium
chloride.
Atkins and Pantin Buffer System (pH 7.6-11)
21similar to
Feldman’s Buffer System however in place of
NaCl, potassium chloride is used to make it
hypotonic.
Gifford Buffer System (pH 6-7.8)
22Sources of Aluminum
Cryolite
23Chief source of Aluminum
Bauxite ore
24the triammonium salt of
aurintricarboxylic acid, is a dye commonly used to
detect the presence of the aluminium ion in an
aqueous solution
*Aluminon
25Pharmaceutical Uses of Aluminum:
• Deodorant
• Protectant
• Antiseptic
• Antiperspirant