test 1 vocab

durable systems of established and embedded social rules that structure social interactions

durable systems of established and embedded rules that structures the political process and political outcomes; solve collective action problems by inducing cooperation; involve tradeoffs

problem where individuals would be better off cooperating, but their conflicting interests discourage cooperation

they solve collective action problems and facilitate cooperation, stablitiy and the public good

they are typically created by and run by elites; they primarily solve the collective action problems faced by elites-- not the general public

rule by people, the executive is selected through competitive elections, executive is constrained by institutional rules, individual rights and civil liberties are sometimes protected

executive is selected through means other than elections (or through elections in which political competition is suppressed), executive is unconstrained or weakly constrained by institutional rules, individual rights and civil liberties are unprotected or weakly protected

form of government that combines elements of both democracy and autocracy

autocracy

anocracy

democracy

selection of president/executive, constraints on president/executive, political competition/participation

candidates within a party compete against each other to determine who will be the candidate in the general election

the primary election winners for each party compete against each other to determine who will be the representative/senator

only voters registered for the party may vote in the primary

independents may vote in either party's primary election

independents may vote in either party's primary election but often must register with the party they voted for

any registered voter can vote in either party's primary (but not both) regardless of party affiliation

all candidates compete on the same ballot regardless of party

popularity of incumbent, name recognition, casework, scare-off effect, redistricting and gerrymandering, fundraising

delegates for parties elect candidates for President and Vice President every four years

a voting representative to the party nominating convention

winning a seat requires a majority (or plurality) of votes; "winner-take-all"

seats are allocated (roughly) in proportion to the percentage of votes won by the party

the electoral district is represented by one office holder

the electoral district is represented by two or more office holders

party ranks each candidate, and a candidate only wins a seat if the party wins enough seats to reach the candidate's position on the list

methods vary, but candidates who are lower on the list but end up performing well in the election can pass other candidates who were higher on the list but did not perform well

proponents of a strong federal government; thought Bill of Rights was unnecessary; wanted Senate insulated from public opinion; northern, urban, commercial interests

proponents of strong state governments; wanted Bill of Rights to protect individual and state rights; thought that long terms would make Senate out of touch; agrarian interests in south and west

loyalty to one's region rather than one's country

majoritarian electoral systems with single member districts result in two-party systems

extent to which political views are opposed; ideological and geographical self-sorting of voters, gerrymandering and redistricting, and economic inequalilty