1principle benefit of using abbatoirs for surveillance
very cost effect
2what cant be detected PME
drug residues and BSE
3With regards to the definition of a notifiable disease, what is the phrase used in the legislation to determine if you should notify the government or not?
suspicion
4What is the purpose of ante-mortem?
To establish if there are any signs of any condition that might adversely affect human or animal health or animal welfare
5What document must be issued by the OV-HoP once ante-mortem has been carried out at the holding of provenance, and animals are considered fit for slaughter for human consumption (the document must accompany the animals to the slaughterhouse)?
A health certificate following the relevant model as provided under Regulation (EU) 2019/628
6Who is responsible for keeping animals’ records compliant on a farm
the farmer
7What would you do if, while conducting ante mortem inspection at the farm (HoP) on a batch of cattle intended for human consumption, you find that the withdrawal periods for some veterinary medicines recently administered have not elapsed?
Tell the farmer these are not fit to be sent to slaughter.
8what to do if high cases of septicaemia
The number of cases of septicaemia in this batch is more than 10 times higher than expected. This indicates a problem. I am worried about African Swine Fever and I would inform APHA
9there is one disease where APHA gives us a lending hand, by asking that all cases with some specific pathology have to be notified and no suspicion of the disease is needed.
Which disease is that?
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in cattle-all cases of tumours in cattle, except papillomas and haemangiosarcomas, have to be notified.
10what happens once tumour reported
In practice in animals less than 2 years of age APHA may not investigate at all while in older animals they will request samples to be taken.
11EVL, OPA, caplyo, salmonella, BTV, Aujeszkys
notfiable reportable or nothing
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis → Notifiable,
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma → No action required,
Campylobacter → No action required,
Salmonella → Reportable,
Bluetongue → Notifiable,
Aujeszky's disease → Notifiable
12active vs passive surveillance
Active surveillance is when all animals in a group (age group, geographic area etc.) are sampled or tested without any need for clinical signs or pathological lesions
Passive surveillance is when some degree of suspicion is required for the animals to be sampled, e.g. through clinical signs or pathological lesions, as in the example with the lung lesions.
13Which of the clinical signs or findings below are typical of anthrax in a farm animal?
Absence of rigor mortis,
Dark, not coagulating blood from orifices,
CNS signs (depression, convulsions etc.) and respisratory distress,
Sudden death without any other findings
14why is anthrax a pain
vegetative forms of the bacteria that will cause the damage and disease. If these bacteria come into contact with air they will immediately sporulate, so as to protect themselves (this being an obligatory anaerobe). Spores can survive in the environment for decades and are very difficult to kill. For this reason it is not allowed to open up dead animals in the lairage, as this would contaminate the environment and it would make it very difficult to disinfect it from the spores
15In Wales which Regulatory authority conducts surveillance of diseases at abattoirs?
FSA conducts the surveillance collection.
16In the United Kingdom which Regulatory authority is responsible for compiling and actioning data collected during abattoir surveillance?
Animal and Plant Health Agency
17In the European union which piece of legislation determines what is meant by the term notifiable disease?
Regulation (EU) 2016/429- Animal Health Law
18In the United States of America, which government department is responsible for conducting surveillance of animal diseases?
APHIS branch of the USDA has federal remit to conduct surveillance of animal diseases, but they will work collaboratively with other departments e.g. with the CDC.
19How can the principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) be applied to animal disease surveillance?
HACCP is not related to animal disease surveillance.
HACCP is a system designed to create safe food for human consumption and is not used within animal disease surveillance.